STEEL

FABRICATION
&
INSTALLATION
Definition of Terms:

Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon. It is highly elastic, ductile, malleable and weldable. Steel has
high tensile and compression strength and also stands wear and tear much better.

Fabrication is the process of making something from semi-finished or raw materials

rather than from ready-made components. In other words, it is the process of making
something from scratch rather than assembling something.

Installation is the process of putting something in a position so it can work properly.

Structural Steel Fabrication is the process of cutting, bending, shaping and assembling
steel to create different products.
JOINING STEEL

Methods of joining steels are classified into three:

1. Metallurgical joining by welding

2. Chemical joining by adhesive

3. Mechanical joining by rivets or

bolt

Welding is a method of joining two or more metals by the use of heat, pressure or filler metals.

Arc welding

Arc welding is a welding process that is used to join metal to metal by using electricity to create
enough heat to melt metal, and the melted metals when cool result in a binding of the metals.
Types of Electric Welding
1. Stick Welding (SMAW – Shielded Metal Arc Welding)
2. Wire Feed Welding/Metal Inert Gas also known as Gas
Metal Arc Welding (GMAW)
3. Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW)
4. Tungsten Inert Gas Welding (TIG) also known as Gas
Tungsten
Arc Welding (GTAW)
5. Resistance Spot Welding
Welding Positions
Arc welding can be done in any of the
following positions: Flat, Horizontal, Vertical,
and Overhead. Flat welding is generally easier,
faster, and allows for better penetration.
Overhead welding is the most difficult. Both
the heat (Amps) and electrode will be affected
by the positions.
 Classification Of Electrode According To Application

A. Mild Steel. General purpose electrodes used for welding steels of 0.25% or less carbon.

B. Low Hydrogen Electrode. Specially formulated electrodes for use with difficult to weld high carbon steel
(0.3 – 0.8% C) and high sulfur steels besides mild steels.

C. Low Alloy Electrode. Used for welding low alloy steels (steels containing not more than 5% each of
alloying elements added to give desired properties).

D. Hard-Surfacing Electrode. Made specially for pieces that are subject to impact and abrasion.

E. Cast Iron Electrode. For welding cast iron (with 2.5% or more carbon). Two types; machinable, and non-
machinable.

F. Stainless Steel Electrode. Made for welding stainless steels.

G. Non-Ferrous Electrode. For welding non-ferrous metals and alloys as aluminum, copper, brass, bronze,
etc.
 Essentials To Obtain Good Quality Welds
1.Correct Current
2.Correct Arc Length
3.Correct Travel Speed
4.Correct Size of Electrode
5.Correct Type Of Electrode
Arc Welding Lessons
Tools and Equipment