Updating Phasors using

Non-recursive And
Recursive Updates
Submitted By:
Debasish Acharya
(MT/EE/10007/19)
CONTENT:
 Introduction to Phasor

 Phasor Representation

 Phasor of Nominal Frequency Signals

 Updating Phasors using Non-Recursive Updates

 Updating Phasors using Recursive Updates

 Case Study

 Conclusion

 References
“Introduction to Phasor
 
 Phasor is a sinusoidal signal which can be represented by a cosine function with a

magnitude A , Frequency , and phase .

 A is the rms value of the voltage/current signal.

Phasor Representation
 There are two phasor representations
 Polar coordinates:

 Rectangular coordinates:

 Both formats acceptable for phasor data streaming

“Phasor of Nominal Frequency Signals
 Consider an input signal x(t)

  The N data samples of this input :{n = 0,1,2,····,N – 1) are

 Then phasor representation can be given by:

 Here, superscript (N –1) is used to identify the phasor as having the (N –1)st sample as the
last sample used in the phasor estimation
 So Basically Phasor estimation involves in estimating the instantaneous angle and the rms
value of the signal.
Updating Phasors using Non-Recursive Update
 In non-recursive updates, all calculation repeated again for new data window.
 The phasor estimates for two consecutive data periods are as shown:

 (N-1) terms are common in the consecutive time periods

 Recalculating considerably increases the computational time
“Updating Phasors using Recursive Updates
 (N-1) and Nth phasors can be calculated as:

  Second window does not have and first window does not have

 when the last sample in the data window is (N + r), the recursive phasor estimate is given
by
 

 When the input signal is a constant sinusoid, is the same as ,

 Phasor estimate with data from the new window is the same as the phasor

estimate with data from the old window.

 If there is error in phasor estimation in one window, it will remain in all the

other windows.

 It is still used for its great computational efficiency.

“Case Study
 Consider the 60-Hz signal x(t) = 100 cos(120πt + π/4) sampled at the rate of 12 samples per cycle, thatis, at a

sampling frequency of 720 Hz.

“Conclusion
 The first 18 samples, and the non-recursive and recursive phasor estimates obtained using

both formulas stated in previous section and beginning with sample no. 12 (at which time

the first data window is completely filled) are shown in the below table

 As expected, the non-recursive phasor estimates produce a constant magnitude of 100/√2

with an initial angle of π/4 (45°), and then for each successive estimate, the angle increases

by 30°.

 In recursive phasor estimate, phasor estimate with data from the new window is the same as

the phasor estimate with data from the old window.

“References
 Arun G. Phadke , James S. Thorp,”Synchronized Phasor Measurements and Their Applications”

 Introduction to Smart Grid NPTEL lecture by Prof. N.P. Padhy & Prof. Premalata Jena