Chromatography

Introduction of Chromatography

–Chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture.

–The mixture is dissolved in a fluid called the mobile phase, which carries it through a structure
holding another material called the stationary phase.
 Principle of Chromatography

–Chromatography is based on the principle where

molecules in mixture applied onto the surface or
into the solid, and fluid stationary phase (stable
phase) is separating from each other while moving
with the aid of a mobile phase
 Procedure of Paper Chromatography
The sample needs to be
separated is placed as a The solvent rises up the
small drop or line on to paper chromatography
the paper using capillary taking each component
tube. of the sample with it.

1 2 3 4 5
A horizontal line is drawn The paper is then placed  When the solvent rises near the
near one end (about 1.5 into a sealed container end of the paper then the paper
cm from the bottom with a swallow layer of should be taken out from sealed
edge) of the paper suitable solvent. container and air dried. The paper
with separated bands of
components are then observed
under UV-light.
 Uses of Chromatography

Chromatography is used in industrial processes to purify chemicals, test for trace

amounts of substances, separate chiral compounds and test products for quality
control
 Types of Chromatography

There are four main types of chromatography. These are Liquid

Chromatography, Gas Chromatography, Thin-Layer
Chromatography and Paper Chromatography.