1 Prepared by - Senior Faculty Abhijeet Banerjee F&B Service IIHMCA

Wines of France
Prepared by - Senior Faculty

1
Abhijeet Banerjee F&B Service IIHMCA
Wines of France
Bordeaux
Burgundy
Champagne
Rhône
Loire
Alsace
Prepared by - Senior Faculty Abhijeet
2
Banerjee F&B Service IIHMCA
Wines of France

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Wines of France

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Médoc AOC
St. Estephe
 Pauillac
 St. Julien
 Margeaux
Lesser Known AOC
 Medoc
 Haut Medoc
 Listrac
 Moulis
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Médoc AOC - St.-Estephé
 St.-Estephé is on the left bank

of the Gironde River,
approximately 28 miles north of
the city of Bordeaux.

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Location : The most northern of the 4 principal
Medoc appellation.
Vineyards:  3,404 acres.
Communes:  St.-Estephè
Average Annual  7,65,000 Cases.

Production:
Principal Grape Varieties: Cabernet Sauvignon & Merlot dominates

with Cabernet Franc and Petit Verdot used in
small proportion.
Soil Type:
 Sandy and Clay with some Limestone.
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Médoc AOC - Pauillac
Medoc’s Largest Town.
 Rich, full bodied texture.
 A distinctive bouquet of
Black Currents and Cedar
Scent.

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Location :  Left bank of the Gironde River. 23 miles
from the center of Bordeaux
Communes:  Pauillac

Production:
Principal Grape  Cabernet Sauvignon & Merlot

Varieties:
Soil Type:  Gravel mixes with sandstone and some

Limestone.
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 Pauillac is an area within
Bordeaux famous for
producing top quality claret.
 Home to three of the five

Bordeaux first growths
Mouton-Rothschild, Latour
and Lafite-Rothschild
 Pauillac is considered the

jewel in Bordeaux's red
crown.
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Médoc AOC - St. Julien
 Just a little bit less powerful
than Pauillac and rustic than
Saint-Estèphe, Saint-Julien wines
are very aromatized.
 They are harmonious and well
balanced red wines.
 Saint-Julien is the right balance
between Pauillac and Margeau

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Location : Center point of Medoc. 22 miles north of the
city of Bordeaux.
Communes:  St.-Julien is the major commune.

Production:
Principal Grape  Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot & Cabernet

Varieties: Franc.
Soil Type:  Extremely fine gravel but more clay.

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Médoc AOC - Margaux
 Margaux lays on a soil of
white graves - a special kind of
gravel
 In Margaux, Château Margaux
produces the most delicate wine
of the Médoc.
 They are 18 Grands Crus
Classés in Margaux. Margaux
wines have a full-flavored
bouquet and a magnificent
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Location :  Margeaux is the southernmost of the 4 principal
Médoc appellation, lying on the left bank of the
Gironde, 13 miles north of the city of Bordeaux.
 3,350 acres.
Vineyards:
 Arsac, Cantenac, Labarde, Margeaux, soussans
Communes:
 6,40,000 Cases.
Average Annual
Production:
 Cabernet Sauvignon dominates, followed by
Principal Grape Merlot, Petit Verdot and Tiny bit of Cabernet Franc.
Varieties:  Thin top soil, more clay and sand are found.
Soil Type: Prepared by - Senior Faculty Abhijeet

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Médoc AOC -
o Medoc
o Haut Medoc
o Listrac &
o Moulis

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Médoc AOC -
Location :  North of Bordeaux.
Vineyards:  11,610 acres
Average Annual  25,50,000 Cases

Production:
 Cabernet Sauvignon dominates, Merlot,

Principal Grape Varieties:
Cabernet Franc, Malbec & Petit Verdot.

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Médoc AOC -
 Médoc is divided in
two parts, the Haut-
Médoc in the south,
near the town, and the
north part traditionally
called Médoc.
 Wines from Médoc

are red. When young,
harmonious and
splendid when matured.

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Médoc AOC - Haut Médoc
Location : North of the city of Bordeaux.

Production:
Principal Grape  Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot & Cabernet

Varieties: Franc.
Principal Soil: Prepared

Sandy, gravelly soil
by - Senior Faculty Abhijeet
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Médoc AOC - Haut Médoc

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Médoc AOC - Listrac
 Listrac is more distant from a river and from the
ocean than any other Bordeaux appellations.
 At the beginning of the last century, Listrac was one

of the largest appellation in Médoc.
 The traditional link between Listrac and Moulis

should not prevail. Actually, the wine is closer to Saint-
Estèphe.
 Listrac produces vigorous and tannic red wines.

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Location : 19 miles from Bordeaux’s city center.

Production:
Principal Grape  Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot & lesser

Varieties: quantities of Cabernet Franc & Petit Verdot.
Principal Soil:  Clay, Limestone & Gravel.

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Médoc AOC - Moulis
 Moulis name is coming
from "moulin" (french word
for windmill).
 Indeed nowadays, three

ancient mills are still
viewable in Moulis.
 Moulis is ready to drink

sooner than other Médoc
wines.
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Médoc AOC - Moulis
Location : 18 miles northwest from Bordeaux’s.
Northwest of Margeaux Appellation.
Communes:  Moulis-en-Medoc.

Production:
 Cabernet Sauvignon & Merlot.

Principal Grape Varieties:
Principal Soil:
 Limestone and sandy, gravelly, clay like soils
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Bordeaux - Pesac-Leognan

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The famous "clairets" wine was made first in Pessac

Léognan.
Pessac Léognan was detached from the Graves

appellation.
Red wines from Pessac Léognan have a powerful bouquet.

They are among the best in Bordeaux.

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Location : On the left bank of the Garonde River,
subregion of Graves.
Communes:  Cadaujac, Canéjan, Graigman
Average Annual  5,60,000 Cases, of which 80% is red and

Production: 20% is white.
Principal Grape  Red --- Cabernet Sauvignon & Merlot

Varieties: dominates with Cabernet Franc playing a
backup role… White— Sauvignon Blanc and
Semillon, with a tiny quantity of Muscadelle.
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Bordeaux - Graves

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Bordeaux - Graves
Location : South of the city of Bordeaux on the left bank
of the Garonde river.
Communes:  Nearly 30 separate communes.
Average Annual  19,50,000 Cases, of which 70% is red and

Production: 30% is white.
Principal Grape  Cabernet Sauvignon & Merlot dominates

Varieties: with Cabernet Franc playing a backup role…
White—Sauvignon Blanc and Semillon, with a
tiny quantity of Muscadelle.
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Bordeaux - Graves
 The area of Graves gets its name from the soil. Graves
are a mix of gravels, clay and sand carried out by the river.
 The red wines of Graves are recognizable by their

garnet-red color, rich, attractive and more robust than the
other Médoc wines.
 Two third of Graves wines are white. Among the best

white wines in Bordeaux , they are generally fresh, fruity
and dry.

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Bordeaux - Graves

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Bordeaux - Pomerol

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Bordeaux - Pomerol
 Pomerol is the smallest wine producing area in the
Bordeaux region.
 Pomerol is more a community where the vineyards are

family-shared.
 The Pomerol wine can be more robust than others in

Bordeaux. They have an exclusive velvety quality.
 Pomerol is at its very best when the bottle reaches the

age of 15 !

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Bordeaux - Pomerol
Location :  On the right bank of the Dordogne River.
 1,939 acres
Vineyards:
 Pomerol.
Communes:
 3,68,000 cases
Average Annual
Production:  Merlot dominates, followed by small
plantations of Cabernet Franc and even less
Principal Grape of Cabernet Sauvignon.
Varieties:
 Gravel with clay and iron dominates.

Principal Soil Type:
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Bordeaux - Pomerol

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Bordeaux - St. Emilion

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Location :  Approximately 20 miles from downtown
Bordeaux.
Communes:  Pomerol.
Average Annual  3,68,000 cases

Production:
Principal Grape  Merlot dominates, followed by small

Varieties: plantations of Cabernet Franc and even less
of Cabernet Sauvignon.
Principal Soil Type:  Gravel with clay and iron dominates.

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 Saint-Emilion is the oldest wine area of the Bordeaux
region.
 The UNESCO organization recognized the great terroir

of Saint Emilion and put the site on the World Heritage
List.
 Saint Emilion wines are considered the most robust of

the Bordeaux. They are generous, very colored, and reach
their maturity quicker than other red Bordeaux.

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Bordeaux - Barsac & Sauternes

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Location : Southeast of Bordeaux, about 26 miles from
the center of the city.
Vineyards:  4,940 acres – Sauternes : 3,952 & Barsac:
998
Communes:  Barsac & Sauternes,
Average Annual  Sauternes: 3,25,000 cases,

Production:  Barsac: 1,45,000 cases
Principal Grape  Semillion and Sauvignon Blanc &

Varieties: Muscadelle
Principal Soil Type:  Deep gravel beds over thick layers of

limestone. Some sand & clay.
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 In Barsac, wine growers have the choice to market their
wine under the Barsac AOC or Sauternes AOC
It means that all Barsac wines could also be Sauternes

wines while Sauternes wines cannot wear Barsac on their
label.
 Actually, Barsac and Sauternes vineyards are separated

by the Ciron river. Barsac lays on the left bank of the river.

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How to read a Bordeaux Wine Label
The Producer
Many Chateaux in Bordeaux are

owned by corporate entities. though
they still produce wine from their
own vineyards, which is indicated
here -- as Chateau Loudenne

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The Estate
In this case the Estate is of Chateau

Loudenne.
In Bordeaux if it says Chateau on
the label there must be an actual
Chateau associated with the estate.
If an image of the Chateau is

displayed, it must accurately reflect
the exisiting Chateau.

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The Region
The region here is the Médoc. There

are smaller regions that fall within
the Médoc, each with their own
appellation.

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The Region
The region here is the Médoc.
There are smaller regions that fall

within the Médoc, each with their
own appellation.

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The Sub-Region or Appellation
The Appellation, in this case Médoc, is

a region where many aspects of a wine
are regulated.
Médoc appellation, was made with

some combination of approved grapes (
Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet
Franc, Malbec, Petit Verdot, and
Carmenere

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The Classification of the Estate
In addition there are the

classifications of Graves, St.
Emilion, the Cru Bourgeois, the Cru
Artisans, and a new small group
known as Les Exceptionnels.
While some of these classifications

fairly accurately represent the
quality of the wine in each bottle.

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Bordeaux ~ Grapes for Red Wine
Medoc
 Cabernet Sauvignon: 60% to 65%
 Cabernet Franc: 10% to 15%
 Merlot : 20% to 35%
 Petit Verdot: 3% to 8%

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Cabernet Sauvignon
Provides strength, dark color,
character, and longevity for the wines
in a majority of the vineyards in
Medoc.
 It ripens late, is resistance to rot

because of its thick skin.
 Black currant aroma and

herbaceous scent that take on the
smell of cedar wood with aging.
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Cabernet Franc
A relative of Cabernet Sauvignon
that ripens slightly earlier.
 Has a pungent, often very spicy,

minty, sometimes weedy, olive like
aroma.
 Cabernet Franc (called Buchet in

St.-Emilion and Pomerol

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Merlot
 Utilized by virtually every
Chateaux in Bordeaux because of its
ability to provide a round, generous,
fleshy, alcoholic wine.
 Its fame is in the Wine of Pomerol.
 The percentage of Merlot in the

blend averages 5% to 45% in Medoc.
20-40% in St.-Emilion. 25-80%in
Pomerol.

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Petit Verdot
 Difficult red grape because of its
very late ripening characteristics.
 Provides intense color, mouth

griping tannins, and high sugar ( and
thus high alcohol) when it ripens
fully.
 In the Medoc few Chateaux use

more than 5% in the blend. In
Graves, St.-Emilion, and Pomerol
very little Petit Verdot now exists.
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Malbec
 The least utilized red grape.
 Called Pressac in St.-Emilion and

Pomerol.
 Malbec has fallen into disfavor

and in most vineyards has now been
replanted with one of the more
favored grapes.
 Its future in Bordeaux’s best

vineyards seems doubtful.
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Bordeaux – Grapes for White Wines
 Sauvignon Blanc: Both dry & Sweet Wines
 Semilion: Both Dry & Sweet Wines
 Muscadelle: Used for the sweet wines

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Sauvignon Blanc
 Used for making both the dry
white wines of Graves and the
sweet white wines of the
Barsac/Sauternes region.
 A few Chateaux employ 100%

Sauvignon blanc in Graves for
making dry white wine. Most
blend it with semilion.
 Used in blends in the Sauternes

region.
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Semilion
 Semilion is used to provide
a rich, creamy, intense texture
to both the dry wines of Graves
and the rich, sweet wines of
Sauternes.
 It is quit fruity when young,

and wines with a high
percentage of Semilion seem to
take on weight as they age.

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Muscadelle
 A white grape, smaller than the
Semillon.
 It grows in looser bunches and is

mixed into the Sauternes to give a
spicy edge.
 The Muscadelle is hard to grow

and is losing in popularity in the
district.
 This grape is grown under the

name Tokay in Australia.
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Famous Wines from Bordeaux
Premium Crus
(Highest Classifications for the Wines awarded in 1885)
Chateau Latour
Red Wine From

Pouillac District.

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Premium Crus
Chateau Lafite
Another - Red
Wine
From Pouillac
District.

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Premium Crus
Chateau Mouton
Another - Red
Wine
From Pouillac
District.

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Premium Crus
Chateau Margaux
Another - Red
Wine
From Margaux
District.

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Premium Crus
Chateau Hautbrion
Red Wine
From
Pessac-Leognan
District.

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Other Wines from Bordeaux
Chateau La Croix
Red Wine from

Pomerol

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Chateau La Garde
Red Wine from

Graves

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Saint Emilion
Full bodied red wine

from
St. Emilion

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Wines of France

Prepared by - Senior Faculty

Prepared by - Senior Faculty Abhijeet

Prepared by - Senior Faculty Abhijeet

Lesser Known AOC

 St.-Estephé is on the left bank

Prepared by - Senior Faculty Abhijeet

Average Annual  7,65,000 Cases.

Principal Grape Varieties: Cabernet Sauvignon & Merlot dominates

Prepared by - Senior Faculty Abhijeet

 Rich, full bodied texture.

Prepared by - Senior Faculty Abhijeet

Vineyards:  2,965 acres.

Average Annual  6,40,000 Cases.

Principal Grape  Cabernet Sauvignon & Merlot

Soil Type:  Gravel mixes with sandstone and some

 Home to three of the five

 Pauillac is considered the

Prepared by - Senior Faculty Abhijeet

Prepared by - Senior Faculty Abhijeet

Prepared by - Senior Faculty Abhijeet

Vineyards:  2,175 acres.

Communes:  St.-Julien is the major commune.

Average Annual  4,90,000 Cases.

Principal Grape  Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot & Cabernet

Soil Type:  Extremely fine gravel but more clay.

Prepared by - Senior Faculty Abhijeet

Soil Type: Prepared by - Senior Faculty Abhijeet

Prepared by - Senior Faculty Abhijeet

Prepared by - Senior Faculty Abhijeet

Vineyards:  11,610 acres

Average Annual  25,50,000 Cases

 Cabernet Sauvignon dominates, Merlot,

Prepared by - Senior Faculty Abhijeet

 Wines from Médoc

Prepared by - Senior Faculty Abhijeet

Vineyards:  10,375 acres

Average Annual  20,00,000 Cases

Principal Grape  Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot & Cabernet

Principal Soil: Prepared

Prepared by - Senior Faculty Abhijeet

 At the beginning of the last century, Listrac was one

 The traditional link between Listrac and Moulis

 Listrac produces vigorous and tannic red wines.

Vineyards:  1,729 acres

Average Annual  3,00,000 Cases

Principal Grape  Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot & lesser

Principal Soil:  Clay, Limestone & Gravel.

Prepared by - Senior Faculty Abhijeet

 Indeed nowadays, three

 Moulis is ready to drink

Vineyards:  1,420 acres

Average Annual  2,85,000 Cases

 Cabernet Sauvignon & Merlot.

Prepared by - Senior Faculty Abhijeet

The famous "clairets" wine was made first in Pessac

Pessac Léognan was detached from the Graves

Red wines from Pessac Léognan have a powerful bouquet.

Prepared by - Senior Faculty Abhijeet

Vineyards:  2,964 acres

Communes:  Cadaujac, Canéjan, Graigman

Average Annual  5,60,000 Cases, of which 80% is red and

Principal Grape  Red --- Cabernet Sauvignon & Merlot