OBJECTIVES

At the end of this lecture students will be able to know:

 Concept of Graphical Representation

 Graphical Representation of Frequency Distribution

 Histogram

 Frequency Polygon

 Frequency curve

1
 OUTLINE

1. Graphical Representation

2. Graphical Representation of Frequency Distribution

3. Histogram

4. Frequency Polygon

5. Frequency curve

2
 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

 Following rules should be observed, in their construction, to make them more effective and
useful.
1. Appropriate title and footnote
2. Attractive presentation
3. Accuracy
4. Selection of an appropriate diagram
5. Index
6. Source-Note
7. Simplicity

3
 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

 Frequency distribution can be presented graphically through the following diagrams.

1. Histogram

2. Frequency Polygon

3. Frequency Curve

4. 'Ogive' or Cumulative Frequency Curve

5. Pie Chart

6. Simple Bar Diagram

7. Multi Bar Diagram

4
 HISTOGRAM

 A histogram is a graph of a frequency distribution in which the class intervals are plotted on X- axis and

their respective frequencies on Y- axis. On each class, a rectangle is erected with its height proportional to

the frequency density of the class.

5
 FREQUENCY POLYGON

 A frequency polygon is another method of representing a frequency distribution on a graph.

Frequency polygons are more suitable than histograms whenever two or more frequency
distributions are to be compared.

6
 FREQUENCY CURVE

 When the vertices of a frequency polygon are joined by a smooth curve, the resulting figure is known as a

frequency curve. As the number of observations increases, there is need of having more and more classes

to accommodate them and hence the width of each class will become smaller and smaller.

7
 CONCLUSION

1) Graphical Representation

2) Graphical Representation of Frequency Distribution

3) Histogram

4) Frequency Polygon

5) Frequency curve

8
 REFERENCES

1. Elementary statistics By: Allan G. Bluman, seventh Edition

2. Fundamentals of Statistics By Attaullah Hazrat & Muzamil Haqmal

3. Statistics for Business and Economics By: David R. Anderson, Dennis J. Sweeney, Thomas
A.Williams, Eleventh Edition