Professional Documents
Culture Documents
- Mortar made with fine sand requires a much larger quantity of cement
to obtain a given strength than mortar made with coarse sand.
1. MORTARS AND PLASTERS
1.02 PLASTER
Lime putty (hydrated lime and water), mixed on the job with sand
and gypsum plaster, used for two and three-coat finish surfaces
for interior walls and ceilings.
Scratch coat : 1 part lime putty, 1 part Portland cement or
Keene’s cement, 2-3/4 parts sand by weight.
Brown coat : 1 part lime putty, 1part Portland cement or
Keene’s cement, 3 parts sand by weight.
Finish coat:
Hard finish : 1 part lime putty, 1/3 gypsum plaster by volume
Sand float : 1 part lime putty, ¼ gypsum plaster, 2 parts sand
by volume
1. MORTARS AND PLASTERS
• For two-coat work, the base coat is ½” and the finish coat is the
same as three-coat work.
1. MORTARS AND PLASTERS
2.01 DEFINITION
Masonry - is a built-up construction or combination of building
materials as clay, concrete, or stone set in mortar; or
plain concrete.
Masonry Terms:
a. Bed – The horizontal surfaces on which the
stones or bricks of walls lie in the courses.
2.01 DEFINITION
Masonry Terms:
2.01 DEFINITION
Masonry Terms:
2.02 STONE
- Stone, together with wood and clay, are the basic building material
of man. The history of architecture until as late as 1900 was largely
the history of stone in architecture,
2.02 STONE
- Stone commonly used for architectural purposes include
granite limestone
marble sandstone
travertine slate.
2. UNIT MASONRY
2.02 STONE
2.02 STONE
- STONEWORK: The types of stonework are based on the shape
and the surface treatment of finish of the stone :
2.02 STONE
- STONEWORK:
c. Ashlar. Squared stones in regular courses, in contradistinction to
rubble work .
BROKEN
RANGED WORK
2.02 STONE
- STONEWORK:
c. Ashlar
• Random course their rectangular
shape and are laid on horizontal
beds but no effort is made to RANDOM
COURSE WORK
continue the horizontal beds
through in an uninterrupted
manner. Large stones combine with
small ones in a convenient and, if
possible, an interesting manner.
• Rustic or Rock work - RUSTIC OR
Courses of stone face which ROCK WORK
is jagged, so as to present a
rough surface. * Rustication occurs when heavier
stones or areas of stone project
from the normal face of the
surrounding wall or of the joint
themselves.
2. UNIT MASONRY
2.03 BRICKS
- are structural units of clay or shale formed while plastic and
subsequently fired.
- After moulding, the bricks are dried and then burned in kilns for
many hours at high temperatures, approximately 2000F.
2.03 BRICKS
2.03 BRICKS
2.03 BRICKS
Mortar joints
between brick
courses are
usually from
4.5mm (3/16”)
to 12mm (½”).
2. UNIT MASONRY
• Reinforcement for 200mm (8”) thick walls shall be 12mm vertical bars
at 600mm on center and 12mm horizontal bars every third course.
• Dowel bars should be placed into the piers, columns, slabs, leaving 20
bar diameters exposed to splice with the reinforcement of the hollow
blocks.
2. UNIT MASONRY
- used for lightweight, fire-resistant interior partitions and for furring and
fireproofing columns.
- Structural clay tile are hollow masonry units, open at two ends with
interior webs or partitions 19mm (¾”) to 25mm (1”) dividing the block
into longitudinal cells.
- In its manufacture, the various shapes of clay tile are formed through
special dies and then wire-cut into the required lengths.