Thrombocytopenia

Thrombocytopenia is any disorder in which there is an

abnormally low amount of platelets. Platelets are
parts of the blood that help blood to clot. This
condition is sometimes associated with abnormal
bleeding.
Causes
• Thrombocytopenia is often divided into three
major causes of low platelets:
• Low production of platelets in the bone marrow
• Increased breakdown of platelets in the
bloodstream (called intravascular)
• Increased breakdown of platelets in the spleen
or liver (called extravascular)
• Symptoms
• Bruising
• Nosebleeds or bleeding in the mouth and
gums
• Rash (pinpoint red spots called petechiae)
• Tests
• Complete blood count (CBC) shows low
number of platelets. Blood clotting studies (
PTT and PT) are normal.
• Other tests that may help diagnose this
condition include:
• Bone marrow aspiration or biopsy
• Platelet associated antibodies
• Treatment
• Treatment depends on the cause of the
condition. In some cases, a transfusion of
platelets may be required to stop or prevent
bleeding.
• Possible Complications
• Severe bleeding (hemorrhage) is the main
complication. This can include:
• Bleeding in the brain (intracranial
hemorrhage)
• Gastrointestinal bleeding (vomiting blood or
blood in the stools)
• Nosebleeds