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Technology For Air Pollution Control - Part2
Technology For Air Pollution Control - Part2
The gas enters through the inlet, and is forced into a spiral.
Disadvantages of Cyclones
• They can be used for small particles
• High pressure drops contribute to increased costs of operation.
PROBLEM
A cyclone with a flow rate of 150 m3/min has an
efficiency of 80%. Estimate the efficiency if the flow rate
is doubled.
SOLUTION
Step 1
Q1 = 150 m3/min
Q2 = 300 m3/min
Pt1 = 100% - 80% = 20%
Pt2/Pt1 = (Q1/Q2)0.5
Step 2
Final Efficiency = 1- Pt2
= 86%
DIMENSIONS OF A STANDARD
CYCLONE
PROBLEM
Design of Cyclone
Body diameter = 0.75 m
Flow rate = 2.75 m3/s
ρp = 1600 kg/m3
ρg = 1.1 kg/m3
µ = 2.5*10-5 kg/m-s
High throughput
H = 0.8 * body diameter
W = 0.35 * body diameter
Lb = 1.7 * body diameter
Lc = 2.0 * body diameter
Calculate the diameter of particle with 50% efficiency
SOLUTION
Step 1:
Inlet Velocity = Q/A
= 17.46 m/s
Step 2:
dpc = 10 µm
FILTER CLOTH
FABRIC FILTERS
Fabric Filter
FABRIC FILTERS
Principle
The filters retain particles larger than the mesh size
Air and most of the smaller particles flow through. Some of the
smaller particles are retained due to interception and diffusion.
Time (min) 5 10 15 20 25 30
Filter ∆P (Pa) 330 490 550 600 640 700
Step 3:
Determine Ke and Ks graphically
Ke = 470 N-min/m3 Ks = 0.563 N-min/g-m
Fabric Filters
ΔP = ΔPf + ΔPp
Where,
q = charge (Columbus)
Ep = collection field intensity (volts/m)
r = particle radius (m)
μ = dynamic viscosity of gas (Pa-S)
c = Cunningham correction factor
Cunningham correction factor
where,
T = absolute temperature (°k)
dp = diameter of particle (μm)
PROBLEM
An ESP is designed to treat 50,000 m3/min with 97 %
efficiency. Assuming an effective drift velocity of 2.5
m/min, calculate the required plate area and the
number of plates. The plate size is 10 m by 5 m (height
by length).
SOLUTION
Step 1:
Efficiency of an Electrostatic Precipitator is given by
where,
c = Cunningham correction factor
ρp = particle density (kg/m3)
Vg = speed of gas at throat (m/sec)
dp = diameter of particle (m)
dd = diameter of droplet (m)
μ = dynamic viscosity of gas, (Pa-S)
WET SCRUBBERS (CONTD.)
Advantages of Wet Scrubbers
Wet Scrubbers can handle incoming streams at high temperature, thus
removing the need for temperature control equipment.
Wet scrubbers can handle high particle loading.
Loading fluctuations do not affect the removal efficiency.
They can handle explosive gases with little risk.
Gas adsorption and dust collection are handled in one unit.
Δp = 4.8
HYDROCARBON CONTROL
GENERAL METHODS FOR CONTROL OF
HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS
Incineration or after burning
Direct flame incineration
Thermal incineration
Catalytic incineration
DIRECT FLAME INCINERATION
CATALYTIC INCINERATION
THERMAL INCINERATOR
CATALYTIC INCINERATOR WITH HEAT
RECOVERY
PROBLEM
Calculate
the removal efficiency of a burner if the
concentration of HC was reduced from 1300 ppm to
100 ppm.
SOLUTION
Step 1:
Removal Efficiency of the burner
Efficiency = (initial concentration – final concentration)/ initial
concentration
o Timing
A certain time has to be provided for the reaction to proceed
o Turbulence
Turbulence promotes mixing between the VOC's and oxygen
Proper mixing helps the reaction to proceed to completion in
the given time.
VOC INCINERATORS (CONTD.)
The various methods for incineration are:
LEL of a mixture:
= 1.79%
GASES
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL FOR
GASES
Adsorption Towers
Thermal Incernation
Catalytic Combustion
Air Correction Equipment for Gases and Vapors
ADSORPTION TOWERS
Principle
adsorbing material.