PROBLEM 1.

67
KNOWN: Operating conditions for an electrical-substitution radiometer having the same receiver temperature, Ts, in electrical and optical modes. FIND: Optical power of a laser beam and corresponding receiver temperature when the indicated electrical power is 20.64 mW. SCHEMATIC:

ASSUMPTIONS: (1) Steady-state conditions, (2) Conduction losses from backside of receiver negligible in optical mode, (3) Chamber walls form large isothermal surroundings; negligible effects due to aperture, (4) Radiation exchange between the receiver surface and the chamber walls is between small surface and large enclosure, (5) Negligible convection effects. PROPERTIES: Receiver surface: = 0.95, opt = 0.98. ANALYSIS: The schematic represents the operating conditions for the electrical mode with the optical beam blocked. The temperature of the receiver surface can be found from an energy balance on the receiver, considering the electrical power input, conduction loss from the backside of the receiver, and the radiation exchange between the receiver and the chamber.

Ein E out = 0 Pelec q loss q rad = 0

4 4 Pelec 0.05 Pelec As Ts Tsur = 0

20.64 10
3 2 2 8 2 4 4 4 4 W (1 0.05 ) 0.95 0.015 / 4 m 5.67 10 W / m K Ts 77 K = 0

Ts = 213.9 K

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For the optical mode of operation, the optical beam is incident on the receiver surface, there is no electrical power input, and the receiver temperature is the same as for the electrical mode. The optical power of the beam can be found from an energy balance on the receiver considering the absorbed beam power and radiation exchange between the receiver and the chamber.

Ein E out = 0

opt Popt q rad = 0.98 Popt 19.60 mW = 0

Popt = 19.99 mW
where qrad follows from the previous energy balance using Ts = 213.9K.
COMMENTS: Recognizing that the receiver temperature, and hence the radiation exchange, is the same for both modes, an energy balance could be directly written in terms of the absorbed optical power and equivalent electrical power, opt Popt = Pelec - qloss.

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