HUMAN MIGRATION Uma Priya Ganti

WHAT IS HUMAN MIGRATION?

•Migration is the regular movement of people from one place to another
•It played and important role in the evolution of Human beings
•Humans move to different places in search of food and shelter
SHIFTING AGRICULTURE
Shifting agriculture is an agricultural system in which a person uses a piece of land, only
to abandon or alter the initial use a short time later.
MIGRATION IN OLDEN TIMES
IN OLDEN TIMES MIGRATION WAS LIMITED TO NEARBY AREAS DUE TO LACK OF TRANSPIRATION,
SUPERSTITIONS AND MYTHS
DURING THE BRITISH RULE, INDIANS WERE ENCOURAGED TO MIGRATE, SETTLE AND WORK IN OTHER BRITISH
COLONIES

TYPES OF MIGRATION
Voluntary Migration: People move to another place on their
own wish/choice
E.g. – Migration from villages to cities for better education
Forced Migration: Movement of a person, family or a group
of people due to Natural or Man-Made disasters.
E.g. – Migration in Kashmir valley due to flooding

Few more points to note!

• Seasonal Employment: Some people move to work as extra laborers during sowing and harvesting season
• The Gujjars of Jammu & Kashmir and Dhangers of Maharashtra are nomads. They keep moving from place to place in
search of food, water and grazing for their cattle.
Hardships of Migration

Migrants face problems as

they have to move away
from home and families
They may have to live
without basic amenities
like shelter, sanitation or
water
In some migrant families,
women have to work hard
and children may not get
education
Joy of Migration

Migration is like a chain

If the first person sends
‘Happily Settled’
information other family
members also migrate
there
It gives an opportunity to
experience new places,
cultures, climate,
cuisines, etc.
ANIMAL
MIGRATION
 Animals migrate with change in seasons
 They migrate for the following reasons:
 Warmer Weather
 Better food supply
 Safe place to give birth

 They learn to which directions to follow from

their parents and have special senses
 Caribou migrate from snow-covered areas to
warmer climate areas
 Wildbeests of Africa migrate in search of green
pastures crossing crocodile filled rivers. This
migration is known as one of the Seven
Wonders of the Natural World
I. Word meanings:
• Abandon - to leave; give up
• Myths - something that many people believe but that does not exist or is false
• Superstition - the belief that a particular event brings good or bad luck
• Mythology - a collection of myths
• Nomads - people who move from place to place to find fresh pasture for its animals
• Demolition - pull or knock down a building
• Amenities - features that makes a place pleasant, comfortable or easy to live in
• Sanitation - system of keeping a place clean, especially by removing human waste
II. Answer briefly: (pg-15, Sec-D)
Q1. What do you mean by the term ‘Migration’?
Ans: Migration is the systematic movement of people from one place to another which involves
change of residence. It maybe from a village to a city,one city to another or even from one country
to another.

Q2. What is ‘Shifting Agriculture’?

Ans: Growing crops on a new piece of land once the fertility of earlier one gets exhausted is known
as shifting agriculture.

Q3. Name the two types of forced migration.

Ans: The two types of forced migration are :
- Migration due to natural disasters such as earthquake, floods, etc.
- Migration due to man made disasters such as terrorist activities,
demolition etc.
Q4. Name the river that caused floods in Kashmir in the year 2014.
Ans: River Jhelum caused floods in Kashmir in the year 2014.

Q5. Name two things that changed the orthodox thinking of people.
Ans: The orthodox thinking of people changed due to:
- Education and logical thinking
- Contacts with other countries

Q6. Explain the term ‘Nomads’.

Ans: People who keep moving from one place to another in search of food, water and
grazing grounds for their herds of sheep, goats, etc.

Q7. Name the nomads of any two states of India.

Ans: The Gujjars of Jammu and Kashmir &The Dhangers of Maharashtra
III. Answer the following questions

Q1. Briefly highlight the three types of migration.

Ans: The three types of migration are:

- Voluntary Migration: When people move to another place on their own will, wish or choice. Example -
for better jobs, education, etc.
- Forced Migration: When people are compelled to move to another place due to certain
circumstances .Example- due to demolition,earthquake etc.
- Seasonal Migration: When people move to other places only during a particular season for seeking
seasonal employment. Example - a large number of labourers migrate at the time of sowing and
harvesting of crops.
Q2. List any three hardships that the migrants may face.

Ans: Some of the hardships that the migrants may have to face are:
- They may not get good jobs and may have to work as labourers carrying loads, work in dhabas
etc.
- They may have to live without basic amenities like shelter, safe drinking water, sanitation etc.
- Some migrants may have to face problems related to food, language or even hostile nature of the
people in a new place.

Q3. ‘Migration brings happiness to many people.’ Explain.

Ans: Migration brings happiness to many people:

- Some people may enjoy seeing new places, experiencing better living standards or climate that
suits them.
- Some people may also enjoy learning about new customs, traditions, cuisines, dresses, art etc.
Q4. Suppose you have to migrate to another city. List two preparations that you will
make.

Ans: Preparations that I would make:

- Find out about good schools in the new place.
- Find out about safety and basic amenities in that area.

Q5. What facilities are needed by people in case of a disaster.

Ans: Some of the facilities needed by people in case of a disaster are:

- An effective rescue team to immediately reach out and provide help.
- Relief camps need to be put up to provide safe shelters to them.
- Food, medicines, clothes, etc. needs to be sent to them.
- Help needs to be provided to them for rehabilitation