Binary Search

Trees
ERIN KEITH

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 Topics
1. remove
2. getEntry
3. Uses

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Binary Search Tree
MUST MAINTAIN THIS STRUCTURE
• Binary tree that has the following properties for each node n:
• n’s value is > all values in n’s left subtree TL
• n’s value is < all values in n’s right subtree TR
• Both TL and TR are binary search trees
• A binary tree whose nodes contain objects and
• Data in a node is greater than the data in the node’s left child
• Data in a node is less than the data in the node’s right child

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Binary Search Tree

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 Linked Implementation
#ifndef LINKED_BSEARCHTREE
#define LINKED_BSEARCHTREE

#include "LinkedBTreeNode.h"
#include "LinkedBTree.h"

template<class ItemType>
class LinkedBSearchTree: public LinkedBTree<ItemType>{
private:
LinkedBTreeNode<ItemType>* rootPtr;

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 Linked Implementation
protected:
LinkedBTreeNode<ItemType>* placeNode(LinkedBTreeNode<ItemType>* subTreePtr,
LinkedBTreeNode<ItemType>* newNodePtr);

LinkedBTreeNode<ItemType>* removeValue(LinkedBTreeNode<ItemType>* subTreePtr, const

ItemType& target, bool& isSuccessful) override;

LinkedBTreeNode<ItemType>* removeNode(LinkedBTreeNode<ItemType>* nodePtr);

LinkedBTreeNode<ItemType>* removeLeftmostNode(LinkedBTreeNode<ItemType>* inorder

Successor);

LinkedBTreeNode<ItemType>* findNode(LinkedBTreeNode<ItemType>* treePtr, const ItemType&

target) const;

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 Linked Implementation
public:
LinkedBSearchTree();

bool isEmpty() const;

int getHeight() const;
int getNumberOfNodes() const;
ItemType getRootData() const;
bool add(const ItemType& newData);
bool remove(const ItemType& data);
void clear();
ItemType getEntry(const ItemType& anEntry) const;
bool contains(const ItemType& anEntry) const;

void preorderTraverse(void visit(ItemType&)) const;

void inorderTraverse(void visit(ItemType&)) const;
void postorderTraverse(void visit(ItemType&)) const;

~LinkedBSearchTree();
};
#include "LinkedBSearchTree.cpp"
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#endif
 Tree Implementation
The public tree interface functions are like a wrapper function that
gets called from outside the class.

The protected class function does the actual work using recursion.
template<class ItemType>
bool LinkedBSearchTree<ItemType>::remove(const ItemType& data){
LinkedBTreeNode<ItemType>* newNodePtr(newData);
bool success = false;

rootPtr = removeValue(rootPtr, data, success);

return success;
}

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Binary Search Tree
REMOVE
Steps
1. Find node with target value
2. Decide removal case
3. Remove
1. Find leftmost node

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Binary Search Tree
SEARCHING FOR NODE TO DELETE
Four cases
1.
2.
3.
4.

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Binary Search Tree
SEARCHING FOR NODE TO DELETE
Four cases
1. Node is not in tree
2. Current node is target
3. Current node is greater than target
4. Current node is less than target

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 Linked Implementation
template<class ItemType>
LinkedBTreeNode<ItemType>* LinkedBSearchTree<ItemType>:: removeValue(LinkedBTreeNode<ItemType>*
subTreePtr, const ItemType& target, bool& isSuccessful){

if (subTreePtr == nullptr){
isSuccessful = false;
}
else if(subTreePtr->getItem() == target){
isSuccessful = true;
return removeNode(subTreePtr);
}
else if(subTreePtr->getItem() > target){
LinkedBTreeNode<ItemType>* tempPtr = removeValue(subTreePtr->getLeftChildPtr(), target,
isSuccessful);
subTreePtr->setLeftChildPtr(tempPtr);
}
else {
LinkedBTreeNode<ItemType>* tempPtr = removeValue(subTreePtr->getRightChildPtr(), target,
isSuccessful);
subTreePtr->setRightChildPtr(tempPtr);
}

return subTreePtr;
}
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Binary Search Tree
REMOVING NODE
Three cases
1. Node is a leaf
2. Node has only one child
3. Node has two children

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 Linked Implementation
template<class ItemType>
LinkedBTreeNode<ItemType>* LinkedBSearchTree<ItemType>:: removeNode(LinkedBTreeNode
<ItemType>* nodePtr){

if (node is leaf){
delete node
}
else if(node has one child){
delete node
return that child (child will replace current node)
}
else { //node has two children
find inorder successor (leftmost node)
remove it
return inorder succesor (to replace current node)
}
}

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Binary Search Tree
FINDING INORDER SUCCESSOR (leftmost node)
Three cases
1. Node has left child
2. Node has no left child

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 Linked Implementation
template<class ItemType>
LinkedBTreeNode<ItemType>* LinkedBSearchTree<ItemType>::
removeLeftmostNode(LinkedBTreeNode <ItemType>* nodePtr, ItemType& inorderSuccessor){

if(node->getLeftChildPtr() == nullptr){
inorderSuccessor = nodePtr->getItem();
return removeNode(nodePtr);
}
else {
tempPtr = removeLeftmostNode(nodePtr->getLeftChildPtr(), inorderSuccessor);
nodePtr->setLeftChildPtr(tempPtr);
return nodePtr;
}
}

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Binary Search Tree
SEARCHING FOR NODE
Four cases
1. Node is not in tree
2. Current node is target
3. Current node is greater than target
4. Current node is less than target

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 Linked Implementation
template<class ItemType>
LinkedBTreeNode<ItemType>* LinkedBSearchTree<ItemType>:: findNode(LinkedBTreeNode
<ItemType>* subTreePtr, ItemType& target){
if (subTreePtr == nullptr || subTreePtr->getItem() == target){
return subTreePtr;
}
else if(subTreePtr->getItem() > target){
return findNode(subTreePtr->getLeftChildPtr(), target);
}
else {
return findNode(subTreePtr->getRightChildPtr(), target);
}
}

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Next Class
Red Black Trees
Textbook:
• Chapters 19.4
Internet:
•https://www.autonomousrobotslab.com/uploads/5/8
/4/4/58449511/cs302-123-red-black-trees.pdf

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