North South University

Undergraduate Programme
PAD 201: Introduction to Public Administration

Course Teacher
Saifuddin Ahmed (SuA2)
Associate Professor & Chairman
Department of Peace and Conflict Studies
Dhaka University
E-mail:saifuddin.ahmed@northsouth.com

1
 Organization:
Concept and Principles

2
 Organization

We live in organization

From cradle to death we are in organization

Do you agree? Give arguments with example for your

answer.

3
 Organization

What is organization ?
4
 Organization: Concept, meaning, definition

“An organization is a planned coordination of two or more people in order to

achieve some common and explicit goals through division of labour and
Hierarchy of authority”
Stephen P. Robbins

5
 Organization: Concept, meaning, definition

“Organization is a system of consciously coordinated activities of two or

more People ”
Chester I. Barnard

6
 Organization: Concept, meaning, definition

“Organization is the form of every human association for the attainment of a

common purpose ”
James D. Mooney

7
 Organization: Concept, meaning, definition

“Organization is a set of people who share many beliefs, values and

Assumptions that encourages them to make mutually reinforcing
interpretations of their own acts and the act of others ”
Smircich and Stubbart

8
 Organization: Concept, meaning, definition

“Organizations are social units (or human groupings) deliberately

constructed and reconstructed to seek specific goals”
Etzoini

9
 Organization: Concept, meaning, definition

Some common features of organization:

 Must have two or more persons

 Organization is a planned efforts
 There are coordination among the people of the organization
 Very clear and common goals
 Jobs are well defined for the people working in the organization
 The people must exercise authority
 There are hierarchy among the people in organization
 Organization is a human association
 Organization is a social unit
 There are varied beliefs among the people of the organization
 The varied beliefs mutually set common goals

10
Principles of Organization

11
 Organization: Principles

1. Principle of objective
2. Division of work/ Specialization
3. Authority and responsibility
4. Unity of command
5. Span of control
6. Scalar chain
7. Communication
8. Line and Staff
9. Coordination
10. Delegation

12
 Organization: Principles

1. Principle of objective: 

The organizational goal should be formulated for the business as whole

and organization should be framed to achieve that goal. Departmental
goals should be developed so that ultimate common goal should be
attained. If the common organizational goal is not decided, departments
may set their own goals and there may be occurrence of conflict about
the common objective.

13
 Organization: Principles

2. Division of work: 

The organization should be framed in a manner such that every

individual should get work according to his ability, skills and knowledge.
The employees should do that work continuously
to achieve specialization that particular work. This will increase his
efficiency.

14
 Organization: Principles

3. Authority and responsibility: 

The amount of authority decreases as we go downward in the

organizational level. For every given work or responsibility there must be
provision of authority to get that work done.

The manager can delegate his authority to his subordinates to complete

the task but responsibility to complete that work can not be delegated,
only manager would be answerable for the given work not his
subordinates.

15
 Organization: Principles

4. Unity of command: 

There should be unity of command in the organization.

An employee should be controlled by one boss.
He should get orders from one superior and should report to the same
superior.
If a person is under the control of more than one person then there
would be confusions and conflicts.
Unity of command would lead to better coordination and controlling.

16
4. Unity of command: 

Authority Flows from Top to Bottom 

Managing Director

Marketing manager

Sales Manager

Sales man
 Organization: Principles

5. Span of control: 
How many sub-ordinates should be controlled by one boss

There should be proper span of control.

Span of control is the number of subordinate reporting directly to a
manger.
The number of subordinates should be in such manner so that
supervision can be done effectively.
If span is not planned appropriately efficiency of workers will be affected.

18
 Organization: Principles

Factors influencing Span of Control

1.Managerial abilities

2.Competence of subordinates

3.Nature of work

4.Delegation of authority

5.Degree of decentralization

19
 Organization: Principles

6. Scalar chain: 

There should be proper chain of supervisor from top level to lower level

in vertical direction. This also shows the direction of communication in
the organization. This suggests that communication should pass through
each position placed in the chain.

20
 Organization: Principles

7. Communication: 

Two-way process of reaching mutual understanding, in which

participants not only exchange (encode-decode) information, news,
ideas and feelings but also create and share meaning. In general,
communication is a means of connecting people or places. In business,
it is a key function of management--an organization cannot operate
without communication between levels, departments and employees.

21
Organization: Principles

22
Line and Staff

Admn officer
Managing Director PS
System analyst

Marketing manager

Sales Manager

Sales man
 Organization: Principles

9. Coordination

The synchronization and integration of activities, responsibilities, and

command and control structures to ensure that the resources of an
organization are used most efficiently in pursuit of the specified
objectives. Along with organizing, monitoring, and controlling,
coordinating is one of the key functions of management.

24
 Organization: Principles

10. Delegation

Delegation of Authority means division of authority and powers

downwards to the subordinate. Delegation is about entrusting someone
else to do parts of the jobs. Delegation of authority can be defined as
subdivision and sub-allocation of powers to the subordinates in order to
achieve effective results.

25
 Organization

Students Feedback

26
 Organization

Thank You

27