Presentation Skills

Class & Subject

UNDERGRADUATE DEGREE PROGRAMME

THIRD SEMESTER

TECHNICAL WRITING & PRESENTATION SKILSS

(ENGLISH III)
Presentation
Presentation
A structured, prepared, speech based means
of communicating information or ideas to a
group of people in order to inform or
persuade them
Presentation
A presentation is a means of communication
talking to a group, addressing a meeting or briefing a team.

For effective Presentation, step-by-step preparation and the

method and means of presenting the information should be
carefully considered.
Presentation Skills
•Skills required to give a good presentation can be
developed
•Not a skill as an art but practice is the key to success

Preparation is the Key

Oral Presentation
Purposeful and goal oriented Formal and structured two way
communication using visual aids to bring about a desired change
•Flexible, changing, complex and varied process
•Purposeful
•Interactive
•Formal
•Audience-centred
Forms of Oral Presentation
Seminars, Workshops, Symposia, student Presentations,
industry conferences, product Launches, Press Conferences,
Team Presentations, annual Meetings, Departmental
Presentation and company Profile Presentations
Steps for preparing an oral
Presentation
•Determine the purpose
•Analyze your audience
•Select main ideas and search the topic
•Organize the data and write the draft
•Create visual aids
•Rehearse the talk
Objective/Purpose of the presentation
•write the objective of the presentation in a single concise statement.
•It needs to specify exactly what you want your audience to learn
from your presentation.
•Base the objective on the amount of stipulated time and the
background knowledge of the audience.
• Objective helps you focusing on research and developing the
presentation.
Analyze your audience
•learn more about the audience to whom you'll be
speaking.
•obtain some information on the backgrounds, values,
and interests of audience
•understand what the audience expect from your
presentation.
Analyze your audience
•What is the audience interested in
•What does the audience want
•What does the audience already know and needs to know
•What are their needs, expectations from this presentation
•How will the audience benefit from this presentation
Selection of a topic
•select a topic that is of interest to the audience and
to you.
•It is easier to deliver a presentation that the
audience finds relevant
• enjoyable to research a topic that is of interest to
you.
Selection of a topic
Prepare the body of the presentation

•prepare a presentation with the right level of detail.

•The body of the presentation is where you present
your ideas.
•To present convincingly, you will need to illustrate
and support ideas.
it's important to provide variety
Planning Your Presentation
Planning an oral message is similar to planning a written message.
• develop the main idea
• Construct an outline
• Estimate the appropriate length
• Decide on the most effective style
Elements of Presentation
•The introduction
•• The body
•• The close
•• The question-and-answer period
•• Visual aids
Introduction
a lot to accomplish during the first few minutes including:
• Arousing your audience’s interest in your topic
• Establishing your credibility
• Preparing the audience for what will follow
For this reason, developing the introduction often requires utmost
attention.
The body
The bulk of your speech or presentation will be devoted to a discussion of the
three or four main points in your outline.
Your goals are:

1. making sure the structure of your speech or presentation will be clear

2. making sure your organization will keep your audience’s attention.
Emphasizing Structure
•To show how ideas are related rely more on words.
•Use transitional words : therefore, because, in addition, etc.
•To link major sections complete sentences by using sentences “Now that we’ve
reviewed the problem, let’s take a look at some solutions.”
•stress the connection between ideas.
•Summarize what’s been said; preview what’s to come
•repeat key ideas in the transitions, you can compensate for lapses in the
audience’s attention.
Holding the Audience’s Attention
maintain the audience’s attention by
• Relating your subject to the audience’s needs.
• Present every point in light of the audience’s needs and values.
• Explain the relationship between your subject and familiar ideas.
• You can also hold the audience’s interest by introducing variety into your
speech or presentation.
The Close
•Audience attention is at peak at this point.
•Plan to devote about 10 percent of the total time to the ending.
•Begin your conclusion by telling listeners that you’re about to finish so that
they’ll make one
•final effort to listen intently.
•Plan to say something like “in conclusion” or “to sum it all up” to let the people
know you are in the home stretch
Prepare the introduction and
conclusion
• decide how you will begin and end the talk.
• Make sure the introduction captures the attention of your
audience and the conclusion
•summarizes and repeat your important points.
"Tell them what you're going to tell them. Tell them. Then,
tell them what you told them."
Restating the Main Points
•repeat your main idea.
•emphasize what you want the audience to do or think.
•Then state the key motivating factor.
•Reinforce your theme by repeating the three or four main
supporting points.......
A few sentences are generally enough to refresh people’s memories.
The Question and Answer Period
•include in your speech or presentation an opportunity for questions
and answers.
• ask people to hold their questions until after you have concluded
your remarks.
•encourage comments from the audience throughout the
presentation.
The Question and Answer Period
Handling Questions
•Do not get confused
•You are not supposed to know everything
•Anticipate and keep answers ready
•Sometime questions themselves give you a lead to highlight your
point of view
Steps for preparing Effective Oral
Presentation
Reading
•The drawback of reading is that when you read your speech, you are
communicating with the text instead of the audience.
•It is a great idea but it just does not work. If you practice by reading
from a written manuscript, you will become so devoted to the paper
that it will be virtually impossible to break away from it. You also lose
most of the expressiveness and engaging body language that make
speeches work in the first place.
Kinds of Oral Presentation
Memorization
A memorized speech is a speech that is recited from memory
rather than read from cue cards or using the assistance of
notes.
It is not highly recommended as other methods.
It is risky; you can lose your place or leave something out and,
in a panic, you might revert to the impromptu method,
resulting in disaster.
Kinds of Oral Presentation
Impromptu

•The impromptu speech is given without any advance preparation,

any notes or other additional materials
• it is a spontaneous reaction to the topic at hand which may
introduce an interestingturn to the discussion.
Kinds of Oral Presentation
Extempore:
In this method of delivery, the thought is planned before speaking, elaborating and
exacting preparation, but the exact wording is left to the moment of speaking. The
extemporaneous method involves significant effort but results in a degree of quality
that tells your audience that you care about them.
It requires
• detailed laying out of the presentation from beginning to end.
• Doing homework to fill knowledge gaps.
• The use of 3 x 5 cue cards or similar method to jog your memory on specifics and
keep your presentation on track.
Strategies for a good introduction
•Make the introduction relevant to the goals, values, and needs
•Ask questions to stimulate thinking
•Share a personal experience
•Begin with a joke or humorous story
•Project a colorful visual
•Make a inspirational statement
•Give a unique demonstration
Strategies
During the opening:
clearly present your topic and the purpose of your presentation.

During the conclusion:

reinforce the main ideas you communicated.
Practicing and Delivering
Speaking from Memory:
•It shows your ability to speak to the audience without relying on notes or a
script.
• It allows you the flexibility to move away from the podium and to maintain eye
contact.
Speaking from Notes:
•Many people like to speak from notes.
•these notes are on cards or paper in outline form
•contain key ideas and information.
Practicing and Delivering
Speaking from Text
It involves
•writing your speech out, word for word, then basically reading from
the text.
•advantage is that you plan, in advance, exactly what you're going to
say and how you're going to say it.
•disadvantage is, you might appear to the audience to be stiff or
rehearsed.
Practicing and Delivering
Using a Combination of Methods
•experts suggest you memorize the first and last ten minutes of your talk
•Notes may be suitable for segments of your presentation.
•speaking from a text might be appropriate when you have quotes or other
important points
•You can make a smooth segue to written text by saying something like: "I want
to read this quote, to ensure that I don't distort the original intent."
Strategies for using an effective oral
Delivery
Strategies for using an effective oral
Delivery
Pitch
•Number of vibrations per second
•Rise and fall of voice
•Emotions change pitch to low and high notes
•Pitch should be well balanced for clearer impact
•Avoid raising pitch of voice as you end the presentation
Strategies for using an effective oral
Delivery
Rate:
•Number of words which you speak per minute
•Varies from person to person and 80-250 words per minute depending on
person
•Normal rate is from 120-150 words
•Avoid speaking too fast and too monotonous
•Pauses can create great emphasis
Strategies for using an effective oral
Delivery
Vocals:
•It is loudness or softness of voice
•Should not be too loud and too low, but intermediate
•Improve your voice through reading aloud
• should not chop or omit sounds during speaking
• Vocals should be in lucid manner
Strategies for using an effective oral
Delivery
Pronunciation:
•It requires speaking up the words in which they are generally accepted
•Best way is to follow British received pronunciation
•Individual sounds should also be carefully spoken
•Consult a good dictionary for pronunciation
Effective Non-Verbal Delivery
Guidelines
•Speak clearly.
• Do not shout or whisper. Judge the audibility of the room.
•Do not rush or talk
•deliberately slow.
• Be natural - although not conversational.
• Deliberately pause at key points -
•Avoid jokes - always disastrous unless you are a natural expert.
•Use your hands to emphasize points but do not indulge in too much hand
waving.
Effective Non-Verbal Delivery
Guidelines
•Look at the audience as much as possible, but do not fix on an individual.
•Do not face the display screen behind you and talk to it.
•do not stand in a position where you obscure the screen.
•Avoid moving about too much. Pacing up and down can unnerve the audience;
although, some
animation is desirable.
•Keep an eye on the audience's body language.
•Know when to stop and also when to cut out a piece of the presentation.
Using Visual Aids for Oral Presentations
significantly improve the interest of a presentation. However, they must be relevant
•• Overhead projection transparencies (OHPs)
•• 35mm Slides
•• Computer projection (PowerPoint, applications such as Excel, etc.)
•• Video and film
•• Real objects - either handled from the speaker's bench or passed around
•• Flipchart or blackboard
••
Using Visual Aids for Oral Presentations
•know in advance how to operate equipment and also when you
want particular displays to appear and when and what signals you
will use. Edit your slides as carefully as your talk - if a slide is
superfluous then leave it out. If you need to use a slide twice,
duplicate it.
•Slides and OHPs should contain the minimum information necessary.
To do otherwise risks making the slide unreadable or will divert your
audience's attention so that they spend time reading the slide rather
than listening to you.
Using Visual Aids for Oral Presentations
Try to limit words per slide to a maximum of 10. Use a
reasonable font size
• use a minimum 18 pt. Times New Roman on OHPs and
preferably larger. Readability from 2m
•Use color but avoid orange and yellow
•Room lighting should be considered.
•Light background with dark fonts should be followed
VISUAL CUES for Oral Presentation

visual cues convey meaning, spark attention and response from the
audience
shape audience perceptions of the presenter.
facial expressions, eye contact, gestures, movement, and attire are
important ones