Multichannel Queuing Model with Poisson

Arrivals and Exponential Service Times

(M/M/m)
Assumptions of the model:
 Arrivals are served on a FIFO basis.
 There is no balking or reneging.
 Arrivals are independent of each other but the
arrival rate is constant over time.
 Arrivals follow a Poisson distribution.
 Service times are variable and independent but
the average is known.
 Service times follow a negative exponential
distribution.
 The average service rate is greater than the
average arrival rate.

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education 13-1

 Multichannel Queuing Model with Poisson
Arrivals and Exponential Service Times (M/M/m)
 Equations for the multichannel queuing model:
 Let
m = number of channels open
 = average arrival rate
 = average service rate at each channel
1. The probability that there are zero customers in
the system is:
1
P0  for m   
 n  m 1
1
n
 1  m
m
   
n!   
   
 n0  m!    m   

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 Multichannel Model, Poisson Arrivals,
Exponential Service Times (M/M/m)
2. The average number of customers or units in the
system
 ( /  ) m 
L P 
( m  1)!( m    ) 2 0


3. The average time a unit spends in the waiting line or

being served, in the system

 ( /  ) m 1 L
W  P  
( m  1)!( m    ) 2 0
 

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 Multichannel Model, Poisson Arrivals,
Exponential Service Times (M/M/m)
4. The average number of customers or units in line
waiting for service

Lq  L 

5. The average time a unit spends in the waiting line

1 Lq
Wq  W  
 

6. Utilization Rate  
m

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 Arnold’s Muffler Shop Revisited
 Arnold wants to investigate opening a second
garage bay.
 He would hire a second worker who works at the
same rate as his first worker.
 The customer arrival rate remains the same.

1
P0  for m  
 n  m 1
1
n
 1  m
m
   
n!   
   
 n 0  m!    m  
1
P0   0.5
 1  2   1  2  2(3)
1 n 2

      
 n 0 n!  3   2!  3  2(3)  2
 probability of 0 cars in the system
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 Arnold’s Muffler Shop Revisited

 Average number of cars in the system

 ( /  ) m 
L P 
2 0
(m  1)!(m   ) 

2(3)( 2 / 3) 2 1 2
L ( )   0.75
(1)![2(3)  2] 2 3
2

 Average time a car spends in the system

L 3
W  hour  22 1 minutes
 8 2
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 Arnold’s Muffler Shop Revisited

 Average number of cars in the queue

 3 2 1
Lq  L      0.083
 4 3 12

 Average time a car spends in the queue

1 Lq 0.083
Wq  W     0.0415 hour  2 1 minutes
  2 2

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 Arnold’s Muffler Shop Revisited
 Adding the second service bay reduces the
waiting time in line but will increase the service
cost as a second mechanic needs to be hired.
Total daily waiting cost = (8 hours per day)WqCw
= (8)(2)(0.0415)($50) = $33.20

Total daily service cost = (8 hours per day)mCs

= (8)(2)($15) = $240

 So the total cost of the system is

Total system cost = $33.20 + $240 = $273.20

 This is the cheapest option: open the second bay

and hire a second worker at the same $15 rate.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education 13-8
13-17 Automobiles arrive at the drive-through window at a post office at
the rate of 4 every 10 minutes. The average service time is 2 minutes.
The Poisson distribution
is appropriate for the arrival rate and service times are exponentially
distributed.
(a) What is the average time a car is in the system?
(b) What is the average number of cars in the system?
(c) What is the average time cars spend waiting to receive service?
(d) What is the average number of cars in line behind the customer
receiving service?
(e) What is the probability that there are no cars at the window?
(f) What percentage of the time is the postal clerk busy?
(g) What is the probability that there are exactly two cars in the system?

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For the post office in Problem 13-17, a second drive through window is
being considered. A single line would be formed and as a car reached
the front of the line it would go to the next available clerk. The clerk at
the new window works at the same rate as the current one.
(a) What is the average time a car is in the system?
(b) What is the average number of cars in the system?
(c) What is the average time cars spend waiting to receive service?
(d) What is the average number of cars in line behind the customer
receiving service?
(e) What is the probability that there are no cars in the system?
(f) What percentage of the time are the clerks busy?
(g) What is the probability that there are exactly two cars in the system?

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