CW: Igneous and metamorphic 05/24/2021

LO: To understand how igneous and metamorphic rocks are

formed.
KW: basalt, bond, crust, extrusive, gneiss, HW: WS 8Hb-9: Minerals
igneous rock¸ intrusive, lava, magma, in igneous rocks. Due on
mantle, metamorphic rock, particles, schist. MONDAY, 26/04/2021.

Starter- recalling:
1. Which planet from the
Solar System is the house
of its largest volcano?

2. Which type(s) of rock

would you expect to be
found in this planet?
Explain your reasoning.
Careers: chemist, geologist, palaeontologist, archaeologist, miner, engineer, builder, sculptor, science technician and any other laboratory
related careers.
By the end of this lesson, you should be able
to:
 Recall that the Earth consists of a core, mantle and crust.
 Describe how magma can be erupted to form volcanoes.
 Describe how igneous rocks are formed.
 Explain how the size of crystals in igneous rocks is evidence for the speed
of cooling and describe some factors that affect this.
 Use crystal size to classify igneous rocks as intrusive and extrusive.
 Explain the variation in crystal size in an igneous intrusion, in terms of
cooling rate.
 Recall the names of some igneous and metamorphic rocks.
 Describe the textures and properties of igneous and metamorphic rocks.
 Describe how metamorphic rocks are formed.
In this lesson:
0. Recalling
1. Igneous rocks
2. Metamorphic rocks
3. Plenary
0. Recalling
 https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p02pl144
1. Igneous rocks
 Do you know the difference between lava and magma?
By the end of this lesson, you should be able
to:
 Recall that the Earth consists of a core, mantle and crust.
 Describe how magma can be erupted to form volcanoes.
 Describe how igneous rocks are formed.
 Explain how the size of crystals in igneous rocks is evidence for the speed
of cooling and describe some factors that affect this.
 Use crystal size to classify igneous rocks as intrusive and extrusive.
 Explain the variation in crystal size in an igneous intrusion, in terms of
cooling rate.
 Recall the names of some igneous and metamorphic rocks.
 Describe the textures and properties of igneous and metamorphic rocks.
 Describe how metamorphic rocks are formed.
1. Igneous rocks
The kind of rock that is formed depends on the substances
and how fast it cools.

• Rocks formed from

cooling lava are called
extrusive igneous rocks.
– It cools down fast and
form rocks that contain
small crystals.
1. Igneous rocks
The kind of rock that is formed depends on the substances
and how fast it cools.

• Rocks formed from cooling

magma are called intrusive
igneous rocks.
– It cools down slowly and
form rocks that contain
large crystals.
 Basalt and gabbro

© Pearson Education Ltd 2014. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free.
 Basalt and gabbro
Basalt is an igneous
rock.
It has very small
crystals that often
cannot be seen without
a microscope.

Intrusive or extrusive?

© Pearson Education Ltd 2014. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free.
 Basalt and gabbro
This photograph shows
a thin section of basalt
through a microscope.
There are many small
grains and crystals
showing that the liquid
rock has cooled quickly
on or near the surface
1 mm
of the Earth.

© Pearson Education Ltd 2014. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free.
 Basalt and gabbro
Gabbro is an igneous
rock formed from
molten magma deep
underground.
It has large, interlocking
crystals.

Intrusive or extrusive?

© Pearson Education Ltd 2014. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free.
 Basalt and gabbro
This photograph shows
a thin section of gabbro
through a microscope.
The large crystals can
clearly be seen.

1 mm
© Pearson Education Ltd 2014. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free.
1. Igneous rocks T-P-S
Explain why rocks at higher temperatures have bigger
crystals, whilst they are smaller in rocks at lower
temperatures.

 Hint: think about the movement of

particles in liquids and what
happens to this movement as the
temperature cools down.
https://www.activeteachonline.com/product/view/id/335/pa
ge/121/mode/spftw?modal=/
player/interactive/id/388822
Mini plenary: choose 3 shapes to answer
Why does magma
usually cool more Describe
slowly than lava? the main difference
between intrusive and
extrusive rocks.

Recall examples
of intrusive and Explain how
extrusive some magma
igneous rocks. can form either
gabbro or Why do some rocks
basalt. have bigger crystals
than others?
By the end of this lesson, you should be able
to:
 Recall that the Earth consists of a core, mantle and crust.
 Describe how magma can be erupted to form volcanoes.
 Describe how igneous rocks are formed.
 Explain how the size of crystals in igneous rocks is evidence for the speed
of cooling and describe some factors that affect this.
 Use crystal size to classify igneous rocks as intrusive and extrusive.
 Explain the variation in crystal size in an igneous intrusion, in terms of
cooling rate.
 Recall the names of some igneous and metamorphic rocks.
 Describe the textures and properties of igneous and metamorphic rocks.
 Describe how metamorphic rocks are formed.
2. Metamorphic rocks
Metamorphic rocks are always made from interlocking
crystals, which may be lined up to form coloured bands.

They have different

properties to the
rocks from which
they were made.
 https://

2. Metamorphic rocks www.youtube.com/watch?

v=YLo4zr42fXM
2. Metamorphic rocks
3. Plenary
1. Identify the numbered places
where metamorphic rocks can
be found. Explain your answer.

2. The rocks that form at positions

3 and 4 have the same chemical
composition. Explain how their
textures will be different.

3. CHALLENGE: Explain what size

crystals you would expect to find
in the rock that forms at position
5.
By the end of this lesson, you should be able
to:
 Recall that the Earth consists of a core, mantle and crust.
 Describe how magma can be erupted to form volcanoes.
 Describe how igneous rocks are formed.
 Explain how the size of crystals in igneous rocks is evidence for the speed
of cooling and describe some factors that affect this.
 Use crystal size to classify igneous rocks as intrusive and extrusive.
 Explain the variation in crystal size in an igneous intrusion, in terms of
cooling rate.
 Recall the names of some igneous and metamorphic rocks.
 Describe the textures and properties of igneous and metamorphic rocks.
 Describe how metamorphic rocks are formed.