REVISION BOOKLET

WWI – 1914-1918.

 World War I (WW1) also known as the First World War, was a global war centred in Europe
that began on 28th July 1914 and lasted until 11th November 1918.
 A short term cause is a cause that happens over a limited period of time. This type of cause
happens shortly before an event.
 A long term cause is a cause that happens over a longer period of time. This type of cause
would slowly lead to an event.
 A primary (short-term) cause of WW1 was a difference over foreign policy. Although the
assassination of Franz Ferdinand triggered WW1, that was only the immediate cause.
Differences over foreign policy between the major world powers was the underlying cause
of the war.

 Long
term
Causes

WWII 1939-1945.

 Germany were defeated during WWII and many resented this.

 By the outbreak of WWI, Hitler was living in Munich and joined the German army. He was a
good soldier and won medals for his bravery. Germany’s defeat in the war left him extremely
bitter. Hitler became leader in 1933 as Germany`s chancellor.
 As leader, Hitler wanted to build up his army, navy and air force, create a greater living space
for Germany (Lebensraum) in the Greater German Reich. Hitler invaded Poland in 1939
which kick-started WWII and German invasions were effective due to Blitzkrieg in the early
years.
 Blitzkrieg is a term used to describe a method of offensive warfare designed to strike a swift victory.

 Germany had successful invasions in 1940 in France,

Holland, Belgium, Denmark and Norway as Blitzkrieg
allowed a swift and efficient victory.

Battle of Britain
 Hitler planned to invade Britain but needed control of the channel and the air space
over Britain to protect his seaborne invasion forces. Before the Germans
could invade they had to destroy British air power.
 In the meantime, the Luftwaffe set about destroying the RAF, where the British were
victorious. This was down to a British success story or German weakness as seen
below.
 Goering was commander of the Luftwaffe. Although he had been The British were fighting over their own territory. This meant
a first world war fighter ace he had little understanding of tactics. pilots that were shot down could be sent back into combat.
He underestimated the strength of the RAF, especially the fight
planes.
The possession of ‘Ultra’, the key to Germany’s Hitler and Goering made the mistake of British factories produced an additional 1836
radio codes, meant that Britain had advance switching their attacks on 7 September just planes in four months.
warning of their plans. when the RAF was running out of fighter planes.

The Holocaust -Under the cover of the Second World War, for the sake of their ‘New Order’, the
Nazis sought to destroy all the Jews of Europe. For the first time in history, industrial methods were
used for the mass extermination of a whole people. Six million were murdered, including 1,500,000
children. This event is called the Holocaust.
 Anti-Semitism –hostility towards or discrimination against Jews as a religious or racial group.
 Persecution - Hostility and ill-treatment towards a particular group.

• The intentionalist view • Structuralist view (EXTRA DETAILS ARE

believes that Hitler was ON SMHW.) thinks that other members
responsible for the of Hitler's Nazi party were to blame and
Holocaust; it was his idea, Hitler didn't really know what was going
and he always 'intended' on.
for it to happen. • The structure of the party was to
impress Hitler so some people did
big ideas to make him happy.

Political/Social changes in Britain

 Beveridge produced a report in November 1942 identifying the PROBLEMS he saw in British
society and proposed SOLUTIONS for them.
 The report was key in shaping the political changes which founded the WELFARE STATE - the
series of post-war REFORMS put in place by the Labour government to tackle the problems.
  Beveridge identified the “Five Giants on the Road to Reconstruction” also known as the “Five
Giants of Evil” - these were the obstacles to a better British society.
 Examples include the NHS, 1946 National Insurance Act, 1946 National Health Service Act,
1944 Education Act
 Social mobility - movement of individuals, families, or groups through a system of social
hierarchy (ability to change your social class.)
 Set the school-leaving age at 15 and introduced free secondary schools
 Pupils took an ‘11-plus’ IQ test that determined whether they went to grammar school,
secondary modern school or technical school so the choice of school was based on ability
not parents' income.
 Citizens who lived in countries of the newly formed British Commonwealth had the right to
move to Britain and live as a British citizen, a right the Labour government formalised in the
British Nationality Act 1948. The British government encouraged immigration from
Commonwealth countries to fill gaps in the labour market left by war.
 Social inequality – Racism – Notting Hill Riots 1958, Bristol Bus Boycotts 1963, Asian Youth
Movements 1950/1960`s, Windrush generation/Scandal 1960`s, Stephen Lawrence case
1993 (Ensure you know details about the Stephen Lawrence case.)
 Permissive society 1960`s– being more open, freedoms, being more tolerant.

Political changes Social changes

Class culture, social class and

Kitchen Sink Dramas.

Working with Sources:

Nature of the source (what KIND of source it is)

Origin of the source (WHERE it comes from, WHO created it, and WHEN)
Purpose (WHY was it made)
Content (WHAT does it tell us)
Utility (how USEFUL is it)
Reliability (how far do we TRUST what it says)

Inferences about sources –

Statement about the meaning of the
source (without mentioning word
for word what is in the source.)