LO: To Understand How We Get Metals From The Earth

CW: Materials in the Earth 05/24/2021
LO: To understand how we get metals from the Earth.

KW: mining, native state, HW: revision questions on
ore, recycling, toxic. Active Learn. Due tomorrow.
Starter: look around you and make a list of materials that we use that come
from inside the Earth and another, with materials that do not originate inside
the Earth.
MATERIALS FROM INSIDE MATERIALS FROM OUTSIDE
• Metals • Wood
• Plastic • Paper
• Cement • Wool
• Stone • Cotton
• Paint • Leather
• Glass • Water
Careers: chemist, geologist, palaeontologist, archaeologist, miner, engineer, builder, sculptor, science technician and any other laboratory
related careers.
By the end of this lesson, you should be able
to:
 Recall that metals can be recycled.
 Recall how some elements are found in their native states.
 Recall how metals are extracted from ores taken from the
Earth’s crust.
 Explain the advantages of recycling metals.
 Evaluate the environmental effects of quarrying and mining.
 Describe how metals are extracted from their ores by heating
with carbon or electrolysis.
 Explain why the method used to extract a metal is related to
its position in the reactivity series and the cost of the
extraction process.
In this lesson:
1. Recap- types of rocks
2. Mining
3. Recycling
4. Plenary
1. Recap: choose one colour to answer
1. Describe the rock 1.Which type of rock is not 1. Describe the rock
labelled A on the left- present in this sample? labelled B on the left-
hand side of the sample. hand side of the
2.Explain how it forms. sample.
2. Explain what type of 3.Describe its texture.
rock this is. 2. Explain what type of
rock this is.
3. How does rock A

A B
3. How does rock B
form?
form?
4. Where in the
4. Where in the Earth
Earth does rock A form? does rock B form?
CHALLENGE 1: Which of the two types of rock in this sample formed first? Explain
your reasoning.
CHALLENGE 2: Suggest a sequence of events that could have formed the sample.
Answers
A
Describe the rock labelled A
on the left-hand side of the
sample.
The rock has interlocking
crystals which are arranged
in bands or layers.
Explain what type of rock
this is.
This is a metamorphic rock
because it has interlocking
crystals arranged in bands.
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Answers
A
How does this type of rock
form?
Heat and/or pressure cause
the minerals in other rocks
to change and new crystals
form.
Answers
A
Where in the Earth does
it form?
Metamorphic rocks can
form deep underground, or
alongside molten rock.
This type of metamorphic
rock (with crystals in bands)
is formed by high pressures
under the surface of the
Earth.
Answers
B
Describe the rock labelled B
on the right-hand side of the
sample.
Large, interlocking crystals
of different colours (orange,
black and white) arranged
randomly.
Answers
B
Explain what type of rock
this is.
It is an igneous rock
because the crystals are
interlocking and not
arranged in layers or
bands.
Answers
B How does this kind of rock
form?
Within the Earth’s mantle all
rocks are melted together to
form magma.
Igneous rocks are formed
when magma cools down and
solidifies.
Answers
B
Where in the Earth does
it form?
We know this rock was
formed deep underground
as the crystals are large,
which means it cooled
slowly.
Igneous rocks with small
crystals are formed when
magma cools quickly.
Answers
Which type of rock is not
present in this sample?
sedimentary
Explain how this type of
rock forms.
Other rocks are eroded,
transported by wind or
water, deposited,
compacted then cemented
together.
Answers
Describe the texture of this
type of rock.
They consist of grains that
do not interlock. They are
often crumbly, and the
grains are often arranged in
layers.
Answers
Which of the two types of
rock in this sample formed
first?
the metamorphic rock
Answers
Explain how you know that
type of rock formed first.
There is metamorphic rock
on both sides of the sample.
The metamorphic rock must
have been there first and
the igneous rock was
inserted into the middle.
Alternative answer: The metamorphic rock was formed by

heat and pressure and if the igneous rock was already
there, it would also have been metamorphosed.
Answers
Suggest a sequence of events that could have formed the
sample.
Some original rock was heated and compressed to form
the metamorphic rock.
Molten magma was formed deeper underground and
injected into the metamorphic rock.
The molten magma cooled slowly to form an igneous rock
(granite).
The rocks above were weathered and eroded so the
sample reached the surface of the Earth.
2. Mining
A few metals, such as gold and
silver, are found as pure elements
in rocks.
We say that they are found in their
native state.
2. Mining: examples of ores
Mini plenary: true or false?
a. All metals occur as minerals.
b. Pyrite is a compound and gold is an element.
c. Ores are rocks that contain metals.
d. Pyrite and gold are made from the same elements.
e. Chemical reactions are necessary to extract most
metals.
f. Metals found in their native state are usually difficult
to find.
2. Mining
Ores are obtained by
mining.
It is crushed to obtain the

minerals that contain the
metal.
Chemical reactions are

then used to obtain the
pure metal.
2. Mining 1. https://www.activeteachonline.com/product/view/id/335/page/130/m
ode/spftw?modal=/
player/video/id/389240
a. Make a list of all

the impacts
caused by mining
described in the
video.
b. What solution is
presented to
reduce these
impacts?
https://www.activeteachonline.com/pro
duct/view/id/335/page/131/mode/spft
w?modal=/
3. Recycling player/interactive/id/388827
All of these need small quantities of neodymium, terbium

and tellurium.
THESE ARE RARE AND EXPENSIVE!

3. Recycling
 Recall a property of most metals.
If we put these metals in landfill

sites instead, they react and form
toxic compounds that enter the
water supply.
3. Recycling
Mini plenary
Describe four advantages of recycling metals:
1. Cuts down on pollution caused by mining and

quarrying;
2. Reduces pollution from landfill sites;
3. Will allow supplies of metals to last longer;
4. Often needs less energy than obtaining the metal
from an ore.
4. Plenary https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k0QtYzzKTy8
What can be done to avoid tragedies like this

from happening again?
Make a list of actions that can be taken by

you, your community and the government
from your country.
By the end of this lesson, you should be able
to:
 Recall that metals can be recycled.
 Recall how some elements are found in their native states.
 Recall how metals are extracted from ores taken from the
Earth’s crust.
 Explain the advantages of recycling metals.
 Evaluate the environmental effects of quarrying and mining.
 Describe how metals are extracted from their ores by heating
with carbon or electrolysis.
 Explain why the method used to extract a metal is related to
its position in the reactivity series and the cost of the
extraction process.

LO: To Understand How We Get Metals From The Earth

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CW: Materials in the Earth 05/24/2021

LO: To understand how we get metals from the Earth.

3. How does rock A

Alternative answer: The metamorphic rock was formed by

It is crushed to obtain the

Chemical reactions are

a. Make a list of all

All of these need small quantities of neodymium, terbium

THESE ARE RARE AND EXPENSIVE!

If we put these metals in landfill

1. Cuts down on pollution caused by mining and

What can be done to avoid tragedies like this

Make a list of actions that can be taken by

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