Assignment # 2

 Subject : Linear Algebra

 Submitted by : M.Moazzan Sharif
 Roll No. : 9433
 Class : BSCS 3RD (B)
 Submitted To : Mam Muqadas Imdad
 Cofactor Method for Inverses

Definition:

Then the inverse of A is the transpose of

the cofactor matrix times the reciprocal of
the determinant of A: The transpose of
the cofactor matrix is called the
adjugate matrix (also called the
classical adjoint) of A.
 Cofactor Method for Inverses
• Let A = (aij) be an nxn matrix

• Recall, the co-factor Cij of element aij is:

Cij = (-1)i+j |Mij|

• Mij is the (n-1) x (n-1) matrix made by

removing the ROW i and COLUMN j of A
 Cofactor Method for Inverses
• Put all co-factors in a matrix – called the
matrix of co-factors:

C11 C12 C1n

C21 C22 C2n

Cn1 Cn2 Cnn

 Cofactor Method for Inverses
• Inverse of A is given by:
1
A = -1 (matrix of co-factors)T
|A|

C11 C21 Cn1

= 1 C12 C22 Cn2
|A|

C1n C2n Cnn

 Examples 3x3 Matrix
1 1 1
• Calculate the inverse of B = 1 2 2
2 3 4
• Find the co-factors:

M11 = 2 2 |M11| = 2 C11 = 2

3 4
 Examples 3x3 Matrix
1 1 1
• Calculate the inverse of B = 1 2 2
2 3 4
• Find the co-factors:

M12 = 1 2 |M12| = 0 C12 = 0

2 4
 Examples 3x3 Matrix
1 1 1
• Calculate the inverse of B = 1 2 2
2 3 4
• Find the co-factors:

M13 = 1 2 |M13| = -1 C13 = -1

2 3
 Examples 3x3 Matrix
1 1 1
• Calculate the inverse of B = 1 2 2
2 3 4
• Find the co-factors:

M21 = 1 1 |M21| = 1 C21 = -1

3 4
 Examples 3x3 Matrix
1 1 1
• Calculate the inverse of B = 1 2 2
2 3 4
• Find the co-factors:

M22 = 1 1 |M22| = 2 C22 = 2

2 4
 Examples 3x3 Matrix
1 1 1
• Calculate the inverse of B = 1 2 2
2 3 4
• Find the co-factors:

M23 = 1 1 |M23| = 1 C23 = -1

2 3
 Examples 3x3 Matrix
1 1 1
• Calculate the inverse of B = 1 2 2
2 3 4
• Find the co-factors:

M31 = 1 1 |M31| = 0 C31 = 0

2 2
 Examples 3x3 Matrix
1 1 1
• Calculate the inverse of B = 1 2 2
2 3 4
• Find the co-factors:

M32 = 1 1 |M32| = 1 C32 = -1

1 2
 Examples 3x3 Matrix
1 1 1
• Calculate the inverse of B = 1 2 2
2 3 4
• First find the co-factors:

M33 = 1 1 |M33| = 1 C33 = 1

1 2
 Examples 3x3 Matrix
1 1 1
• Calculate the inverse of B = 1 2 2
2 3 4
• Next the determinant: use the top row:

|B| = 1x |M11| -1x |M12| + 1x |M13|

= 2 – 0 + (-1) = 1
 Examples 3x3 Matrix
• Using the formula,
1
B =
-1 (matrix of co-factors)T
|B|

1
= (matrix of co-factors)T
1
 Examples 3x3 Matrix
• Using the formula,
1
B =
-1 (matrix of co-factors)T
|B|

1
2 0 1 T
=
1 -1 2 -1
0 -1 1
 Examples 3x3 Matrix
• Using the formula,
1
B =
-1 (matrix of co-factors)T
|B|

2 -1 0
= 0 2 -1
-1 -1 1
• Same answer obtained by Gauss-Jordan method