Have you or your family member or assistant

ever experienced needle prick injury ?

What did you do?

Safe Injection Practices
Objectives

At the end of this session, the participants will be

able to :
 State four prevention measures of unsafe
injection(hand washing, disposal syringes, proper
disposal and decontamination)
 Demonstrate proper usage of AD syringes

page 3
What are consequences of unsafe injection?

• Damage
• Disease

• Death
NOTE : Unsafe injection is harmful.
• Patient to provider
How can be harmed by unsafe injection?
• Provider to patients
?
• Provider to family
?
• Health facility to community
?
?
 How can we prevent transmission of
diseases from patient to provider?

Avoid unnecessary Injection  Before

Take Precautions  During

 After
Recapping

If recap, use one-hand method

page 7
How can we prevent transmission of diseases
from providers to patients?

Hand washing

Use Disposable syringes and needles

AD syringes

Advantages
Auto destruct or disable
• Prevent reuse

Solo shot • Ensure sterility

• Less pollution when

burned

9
AD syringes

10
Let’s Practice with AD syringes!

11
How can we prevent transmission of diseases
from health facility to community?

Safe Disposal of medical wastes especially sharps

How do you dispose medical waste?

Do you use these materials for sharp
disposal?

Needle container for

decontamination

page 13
Using Safety box

page 14
Decontamination with Chemical

• Reduce transmission of
infections by disposed
sharps
• Can be done by using
0.5% chlorine
• Can use any puncture
resistant container such as
cans and water bottle

page 15
How can we make 0.5% chlorine?

From concentrated CL liquid From bleaching powder

Parts of water to dilute = Gram of powder in 1 L of water

Concentrated % - 1 0.5 * 1000

0.5 Concentrated %

16
 If an exposure occurs;
Wash needle stick site with soap and water
Irrigate with clean water or saline
Type of exposure Risk
Sex 0.3%
Needle stick 0.3%
Test for HIV as baseline
Mucous membrane 0.09%
Intact skin Not precisely quantified

PEP?

Ippolito G et al. Arch Intern Med 1993; 153:1451-8

 Post-exposure Prophylaxis

When to initiate?

Hong long to be taken?

How many PEP regimen?

72 2 28
page 19
 Type of exposure

Mucous membrane Intact skin Skin penetration

Volume Severity
No PEP
Small Large Less severe More severe
<1 minutes >1 minutes Solid needle Bore needle
Superficial Deep

Low risk Intermediate risk Intermediate risk High risk

 How to recommend?

Recommended for PEP

Low risk No Not recommended

Intermediate risk Yes Basic regimen

High risk Yes Expanded regimen

Basic regimen: 2 ART drugs AZT + 3TC or d4T + 3TC

Expanded regimen: 3 ART drugs AZT + 3TC + EFV

Take Home Message

• AD syringes are internationally recommended

• Recapping can injure you.

• Use safety box if possible
• Decontamination can help to prevent infection spread

22
Thank You!

page 23