Project Management

Gannt Chart/CPM/PERT

Prof. ajayakumar vt
9447832662
 What is a project
Characteristics of Projects
•Unique task- not repetitive/do correctly every
time
•Temporary task-
•Group task- knowledge, skill, techniques

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 What is Management
• To manage is to forecast plan, to organise, to
command, to co-ordinate and control.

Planning scheduling and controlling of

complex and interrelated job activities.

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 Project Management
• It’s a temporary group activity designed to
produce a unique product, service or result.
(pmi)
• PM is discipline of planning ,organizing,
securing and managing resources to bring
about successful completion.(wiki)

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 PM
• Pm is application of knowledge, skills, and
techniques to execute project effectively
and efficiently.(pmi)

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Process and Project Management
• Process- Repetitive

• Projects-Unique

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 Project Examples
– Constructing houses, factories, shopping malls,
athletic stadiums etc.
– Developing military weapons systems, aircrafts,
new ships
– Launching satellite systems
– Constructing oil pipelines
– Developing and implementing new computer
systems
– Planning concert, football games, or basketball
tournaments
– Introducing new products into market

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 Project Planning
• Resource Availability and/or Limits
– Due date, late penalties, early completion
incentives
– Budget
• Activity Information
– Identify all required activities
– Estimate the resources required (time) to complete
each activity
– Immediate predecessor(s) to each activity needed
to create interrelationships
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 Project Scheduling
• Setting of sequence of Activities in a time
scale, ie setting of resources in a time scale
to perform jobs

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 Project Controlling
• Control on resources and time
• Updating of progress of activities.

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 Unique features of Construction
Projects
• One time Activity- to be perform correctly every time.
• Complexity-a set of interrelated task to be done by
specialists.
• High cost and Time
• High risk features
• Difficulty in defining quality standards
• Feedback Mechanism

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 Unique features of Construction
Projects
• Lack of experience of client or owner
• Untrained workers.

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Project Scheduling and Control Techniques
Gantt Chart
Critical Path Method (CPM)
Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)

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Phases of Construction Project

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 Try it out?
• Digging foundation-20 weeks
• Erecting of shutters-12 weeks
• Pouring of concrete- 16 weeks

Total period required to complete the work?

Try it out to demonstrate the above jobs as a
graph or a picture?
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Total period is 48 weeks.
Try it out to complete the work within 36 weeks
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 Define GANTT CHART
A
B

C
D
E
activity

time

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 Gantt Chart
• Developed by Henrry Gantt in 1900
• Pictorial representation of complex project
activities.
• Consist to two axis
• X- axis for Time Y-axis for Activities
• Bars represent activities and its length for
time/duration of activity
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• Various jobs with estimated time and
money can be marked on time scale
• some bars run parallel-concurrently
• Some bars run serially- sequential order
• Some bars overlaps each other- take
different time span for ctivity.

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 BAR CHART WEAKNESS
Interdependency:
•Serious deficiency bar/gantt chart is cant
show interdependencies among the activities.
• Digging of fdn- 20 weeks
Erecting the side shutter- 12 weeks
Pouring of concrete- 16 weeks
Can you complete the work within 36 weeks?
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Bar chart weakness

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• Some activities not allowed to overlap by
time
• Some activities can proceed simultaneously
• But conditions and relationships between
the activities cant be explained and
demonstrated.

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 Weakness of bar chart
Progress of project:
Normally does not show the progress of work
project.

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 Weakness of bar chart
Uncertainties
Tolerance in duration times estimated for
various activities not reflect in bar chart.
Because of the technological progress, the
traditional knowledge or practices play a very
insignificant role. In such situation jobs cant
be forecast with exactness.

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 Mile stone chart
1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8

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MILESTONE CHART

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 MILESTONE CHART
• Modifying the bar chart by adding new
elements is called mile stone chart or system.
• Mile stones are key events or points in time
which can be identified as the project progress.
• A long term job is broken down to several
pieces, each of which stand for an identifiable
majaor events.

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Mile stone chart

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 Mile stone chart
• Each event is numbered. This work
breakdown increases the awareness of the
interdependencies between task.

• This is the basic concept of CPM and PERT

net work structures.

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 Work breakdown structure
• A mile stone structure demonstrate the
work breakdown structure.
• it bring into picture the functional elements
of a programme and their interrelationships.
• This is achieved through what is known as
the work breakdown structure.
• It establish hierarchical order in a system.

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 Work breakdown structure
• A method of breaking down a project into individual
elements ( components, subcomponents, activities and
tasks) in a hierarchical structure which can be scheduled
and cost
• It defines tasks that can be completed independently of
other tasks, facilitating resource allocation, assignment
of responsibilities and measurement and control of the
project
• It is foundation of project planning
• It is developed before identification of dependencies and
estimation of activity durations
• It can be used to identity the tasks in the CPM and PERT

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• The breakdown is continued until the
assembly is reduced to elements or
components representing manageable units
for planning and control.

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• The breakdown could be either end item
oriented or product oriented.
• End item Oriented units:-which form a
necessary part of the final item.( a control
unit in the final deliverable system)
• Product oriented unit- organisational or
service units which are also essential for the
completion of project.
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 You are a Project
Engineer/Manager!
Can you asses the following
•Earliest start time?
•Earliest fish time?
•Latest start time?
•Latest finish time ?
•Do you have any free time b/n activites?
•Which activities controls the project duration?
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• How you can allocate resources to each and
every activity.
• What you do if there is limits on resources
• You want to reduce the project time. What
do to crash the time?
• How the crashing relating to cost of
projects?
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