Just like animals, plants have many

varieties. Plants may be divided into two

large groups based on the presence or
absence of certain structures for
transporting water and nutrients
throughout
Look around your surroundings. What are the different plants the
that you can see? plant.
Observe them closely. Are they all similar?
Just like animals, plants have many varieties. Plants may be divided into two large groups based on the presence or absence
of certain structures for transporting water and nutrients throughout the plant. Those without these special structures are
called nonvascular plants, while those withThose without
these structures these
are called special
vascular plants.structures

Look around your surroundings. What are called nonvascular plants, while those
are the different plants that you can with these structures are called vascular
see? Observe them closely. Are they all plants.
similar?
Nonvascular Plants
Plants that do not have special parts for transporting food and water
are called nonvascular plants.
These plants do not have true roots, stems, and leaves. They have a
protective outer layer and waxy covering that prevent them from
drying out.
They are also anchored to the ground not by roots, but by hair-like
structures called rhizoids.
Examples of nonvascular plants are mosses, liverworts, and
hornworts
Vascular Plants
Vascular plants have true roots, leaves, stems, and reproductive
organs.
These organs are connected by vascular tissues. These tissues have
two functions: support the weight of large plants and transport water
and dissolved minerals throughout the plant.
One set of tubes, called the xylem, carries water and minerals from
the roots up to the stems and leaves.
The other set of tubes, called the phloem, carries processed food
from the leaves to the other parts of the plant.
The tomato
plant is an
example of a
vascular plant.
Spore or Cone? Plants have different modes of reproduction.
You have learned that vascular plants are plants with
tissues used for transporting water and minerals
throughout the plant. They also have true roots,
stems, and leaves.
Vascular plants can be grouped depending on their
mode of reproduction: seed-bearing or spore-
bearing. Seed-bearing plants are further divided into
flowering plants and cone-bearing plants. You have
learned in previous grade levels about flowering
plants and how they reproduce. In this lesson, you
will focus on the two other types of plants.
 Ferns and horsetails
reproduce with their spores.
Spore-bearing plants have a slightly different life cycle from most plants.
Only one parent contributes to the formation of spores, which means it will
develop offspring exactly the same as the parent.
The reproduction of cone-bearing
plants starts when the very small
pollen grains are carried away by
insects or the wind.
As the pollen and “seed” meet,
fertilization occurs. The resulting
embryo grows into a seed cone. Once
the fertilized seeds mature, they
develop papery wings. The woody
cone wherein the seeds are encased
opens, and the winged seeds are
carried by the wind.
As they reach good soil and meet
favorable conditions, the seeds
germinate and grow into a new plant.
• Https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=83KnbZvAzEY
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bZB_ZkM8Cw0
FINISH THE
MODULE
IN V-SMART