Chapter 7: Motivation

Concepts
Kieara Hall
Learning Objectives
 Describe the three key elements of motivation.
 Identify early theories of motivation and evaluate their applicability today.
 Apply the predictions of self-determination theory to intrinsic and extrinsic
rewards.
 Compare and contrast goal- setting theory and management by objectives.
 Contrast reinforcement theory and goal-setting theory.
 Demonstrate how organization justice is a refinement of equity theory.
 Apply the key tenets of expectancy theory to motivating employees.
 Compare contemporary theories of motivation.
 Show how motivation theories are culture bound.
Early Theories of Motivation
Motivation- The processes that account for an individual’s intensity,
direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.
Hierarchy of Needs Theory by Abraham Maslow

Theory X and Theory Y

Douglas McGregor
Two-Factor Theory
Motivation-hygiene theory
Frederick Herzberg
Hygiene Factors
McClelland’s Theory of Needs
Need for achievement (nAch), power (nPow), and affiliation (nAff)
Contemporary Theories of Motivation
Early theories of motivation either have not held up
under close examination or have fallen out of favor
Contemporary theories have one thing in common:
Reasonable degree of valid supporting documentation
Represent current state of thinking
5 Contemporary Theories of Motiation
Self Determination and Cognitive Evaluation
Goal Setting
Reinforcement
Equity/ Organizational Justice
Expectancy