Emergency Planning

1. Emergency Management Cell

2. Identification and analysis of hazard
3. Formulation of the plan, Alarm &
communication
4. Resource requirement for emergency center
5. Appointment of personnel and definition of
duties,
6. Job responsibilities of Site Incident Controller
and Site Main Controller.
 Emergency Planning
What does it mean?
A definite plan to deal with major emergencies is an
important element of OSH programs.

Why and EP is necessary?

 The major benefit of the EP is to provide guidance during
an emergency of the organization.
 Organization can discover unrecognized hazardous
conditions that would aggravate an emergency situation
and organization work to eliminate them.
 In addition, an emergency plan promotes safety awareness
and shows the organization's commitment to the safety of
workers.
 Emergency Planning
 The lack of an emergency plan could lead to severe
losses such as multiple casualties and possible financial
collapse of the organization.
 Since emergencies will occur, preplanning is necessary.
An urgent need for rapid decisions, shortage of time,
and lack of resources and trained personnel can lead to
chaos during an emergency.
 Time and circumstances in an emergency mean that
normal channels of authority and communication cannot
be relied upon to function routinely. The stress of the
situation can lead to poor judgment resulting in severe
losses. A well thought out, well organized emergency
response plan will help to eliminate these issues.
 Emergency Planning
What is the overall objective of the plan?
An emergency plan specifies procedures for
handling sudden or unexpected situations. The
objective is to be prepared to:
1. Prevent fatalities and injuries.
2. Reduce damage to buildings, stock, and
equipment.
3. Protect the environment and the community.
4. Accelerate the resumption of normal
operations.
 Emergency Planning
Development of the plan begins with a
vulnerability assessment. The results of the
assessment shows:
1. How likely a situation is to occur.
2. What means are available to stop or
prevent the situation.
3. What is necessary for a given situation.
4. From this analysis, appropriate
emergency procedures can be
established.
 Emergency Planning
What are the elements of the emergency plan?
The emergency plan includes:
1. All possible emergencies, consequences,
required actions, written procedures, and the
resources available.
2. Detailed lists of emergency response personnel
including their cell phone numbers, alternate
contact details, and their duties and
responsibilities.
3. Floor plans.
4. Large scale maps showing evacuation routes and
service conduits (such as gas and water lines).
 Emergency Planning
General information of emergency action plan.
1. An emergency action plan covers designated
actions employers and employees must take to
ensure employee safety from fire and other
emergencies.

2. Not all employers are required to establish an

emergency action plan.
3. You may find it beneficial to include your
management team and employees in the process.
 Emergency Planning
4. We may find Emergency Planning
beneficial to include our management team
and employees in the process.
5. We explain our goal of protecting lives
and property in the event of an emergency,
and we will ask for their help in establishing
and implementing our emergency action
plan. Their commitment and support are
critical to the plan’s success.
 Emergency Planning
What should your emergency action plan include?
1. When developing emergency action plan, it’s a good
idea to look at a wide variety of potential emergencies that
could occur in workplace.
2. It should be tailored to worksite and include
information about all potential sources of emergencies.
3. Developing an emergency action plan means a hazard
assessment to determine what, if any, physical or chemical
hazards in workplaces could cause an emergency.
4. If any organization have more than one worksite, each
site should have an emergency action plan.
 Emergency Planning
5. A preferred method for reporting fires and other
emergencies;
6. An evacuation policy and procedure;
7. Emergency escape procedures and route
assignments, such as floor plans, workplace maps,
and safe or refuge areas;
8. Names, titles, departments, and telephone numbers
of individuals both within and outside your company
to contact for additional information or explanation of
duties and responsibilities under the emergency plan;
 Emergency Planning
A major emergency in serious injury or loss of
life. It may cause extensive damage to property
and serious disruption both inside and outside
the works. It would normally require the
assistance of outside emergency services to
handle it effectively. Although the emergency
may be caused by a number of different factors,
e.g. plant failure, human error, earthquake,
vehicle crash or. sabotage, it will normally
manifest itself in three basic forms: fire,
explosion or toxic release.
 Emergency Planning
Emergency planning is recognizing that accidents are
possible, assessing the consequences of such
accidents and deciding on the emergency procedures,
both on site and off site, that would need to be
implemented in the event of an emergency.
Emergency planning is just one aspect of safety and
cannot be considered in isolation. In particular, it is
not a substitute for maintaining good standards
inside the works. Before starting to prepare the
plan, works Management should ensure that the
necessary standards, appropriate to their safety
legislation, are in place.
 Emergency Planning
Emergency plans are likely to be separate for
on-site and off-.site matters, but they must
be consistent with each other i.e., they
must be related to the same assessed
emergency conditions. While an on-site plan
will always be the responsibility of the
works management, different legislations
may place the responsibility for the off-site
plan elsewhere.
 Objectives of Emergency Planning
What is the overall objective of the plan?
An emergency plan specifies procedures for
handling sudden or unexpected situations. The
objective is to be prepared to:
1. Prevent fatalities and injuries.
2. Reduce damage to buildings, stock, and
equipment.
3. Protect the environment and the community.
4. Accelerate the resumption of normal
operations.
 Objectives of Emergency Planning
More objectives
(a) to localize the emergency and, if possible,
eliminate it.
(b) to minimize the effects of the accident on
people and property.
(c) to safeguard others (evacuating them to safer
places).
(d) to rescue the victims and treat them properly;
(e) to identify the persons affected/ dead.
(f) to inform relatives of the casualties.
 Objectives of Emergency Planning
(g) to provide authoritative information to the
news media.
(h), to preserve relevant records and equipment
needed as evidence case of an inquiry.
(i) to rehabilitate the affected areas.
 Emergency Planning
The plan will set into action immediately after a fire or other
hazard occurs in and around the plant.
EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT CELL
Create and establish an emergency management cell within the
plant, which is a pre-requisite for an effective
implementation of any emergency plan.

The main functions of the Emergency Management Cell are

to prepare a detailed emergency plan which includes:
a) Identification of various types of expected disasters
depending upon the type of the industrial unit.
b) Identification of various groups, agencies, departments etc.,
necessary for dealing with a specific disaster effectively.
 Emergency Planning
c) Establishment of an early detection system
for the disaster.
d) Preparation by inclusive training of relevant
teams/ group within the organization to 'deal
with a specific disaster keep them in readiness.
e) Development of a reliable instant information
or communication system.
f) Organization and mobilization of all the
concerned departments/organizations/ groups
and agencies instantly when needed.
Identification and analysis of hazard
1. For the initial stage of both on-site and off-
site emergency planning, works management
should systematically identify and assess what
accident leading to an emergency could arise on
its installation.
2. For both on-site and off-site emergency
planning, this analysis should be based on those
accidents which are more likely to occur, but
other less likely events which would have
severe consequences should also be considered.
Identification and analysis of hazard
3. The analysis of possible accidents by works
management should indicate:
(a) the worst events considered;
(b) the route to those worst events,
(c) the time-scale to lesser events which
might lead to the worst events;
(d) the size of lesser events if their
development is halted;
(e) the relative likelihood of events:
(f) the consequences of each event.
 Formulation of the Plan
Each major hazard installation should have an on-site
emergency plan.
The on-site plan should, be related to in estimate of the
potential consequences of major accidents.
For very simple installations, the emergency plan may
consist merely of putting the workers on stand-by and
calling in the outside emergency services.
For complex installations, the plan should include the
following elements:
(a) assessment of the size and nature of the
potential accidents and the relative likelihood of
their occurrence:
 Formulation of the Plan
(b) Formulation of the plan and liaison with outside authorities,
including the emergency services/ fire services.
procedures for raising the alarm and for communicating both within
and outside the installation:
c) Establishment of an early detection system for the emergency;
d) The location and organization of the emergency control center.
e) The actions of workers on site during the emergency, including
evacuation procedures;
f) The actions of workers and others off site during the
emergency.

The plan should set out the way in which designated workers at the
site of the accident can ask for supplementary action, both inside or
outside the installation.
 Formulation of the Plan
Works management should ensure that the
requirements of the plan for emergency resources,
both workers and equipment, are consistent with
available resources, which can be quickly assembled
in the event of an emergency.

Works management should consider whether

sufficient resources exist at the installation to carry
out the plan for the various assessed accidents in
conjunction with the emergency services.
 Formulation of the Plan
The plan should take account of such matters as
absence of workers due to sickness and holidays,
and periods of installation shut-down.
Various locations would be covered with fire
hydrant systems, which would be tested and put
into operation in such a manner that it remains
operational during emergency.
'Round the clock' in-plant first aid emergency kit
would be provided.
Coded colors for pipelines, vessels, etc., will be
used as per the stipulated standards.
 Alarms and communication
Works management should arrange for the
onset of any accident or emergency to be
quickly communicated to all appropriate
workers and personnel off site.
Information regarding duty & responsibility at
emergency will be distributed to each staff
member of the plant and telephone numbers of
key personnel to be contacted during an
emergency will be placed at all the operator
placement point in the plant.
 Alarms and communication
Organization will have a suitable tele-link
service line with the central control room of fire
station in case of severe emergency.
A direct line with Plant Manager, Technical
Director and Managing Director will have to
be established.
Fire alarm and temperature pressure detectors
will be installed at various fire sensitive
locations.
Resource Requirement for Emergency Control Centre
Emergency Control Centers
The emergency control centers is the place from which
the operations to handle the emergency are directed and
coordinated. The site main controller, key personnel and
the senior officers of the fire and police services will
attend it.
For a small works it may be a designed office which
converts to a control center in the event of an
emergency. For large works, a purpose-built facility is
advisable. In all cases, however, the centre should be
equipped to receive and transmit information and
directions from and to the incident controller and other
areas of the works, as well as outside.
Resource Requirement for Emergency Control Centre
Emergency control centers should therefore contain:
(a) an adequate number of external telephones;
(b) an adequate number of internal telephones;
(c) communication equipment;
(d) a plan of the works, to show:
e) areas where there are large inventories of hazardous
materials;
f) sources of safety equipment;
g) the fire-fighting system and additional sources of water;
h) site entrances and roadways, including up-to-date
information on road works;
i) assembly points;
Resource Requirement for Emergency Control Centre
Emergency control centers should therefore contain:
j) The locations of the works in relation to
surrounding community;
k) notepads, pens and pencils;
l) a nominal roll of employees;
m) a list of key personnel, with addresses,
telephone numbers, etc.
Resource Requirement for Emergency Control Centre
The emergency control centre should be sited in an
area of minimum risk. For large sites, or where toxic
releases might be anticipated, consideration should be
given to setting up two control centers to ensure, as
far as possible, that one will always be available for
use should the other be put out of action.
 Appointment of personnel and definition of duties
Effective emergency plans require that, in the event
of an accident nominated individuals are given specific
responsibilities, often separate from their day-to-day
activities. The two principal people are the site
incident controller and the site main controller.

The site incident controller will take control of

handling the incident. He or will often be the person
in charge of the plant at the time of the incident and
should provide 24-hour cover when shift operation
applies.
 Appointment of personnel and definition of duties
The site incident controller may have to take decisions
neighboring plant liable, perhaps to be involved in an
emergency if it is not shut down.

The responsibilities of the site incident controller

(i) to assess the scale of the incident (both for internal
and external
emergency services).
(ii) to initiate the emergency procedures to secure the
safety of employees, minimize damage to plant and
property and minimize loss of material.
(iii) to direct rescue and fire-fighting operations until (if
necessary) the fire brigade arrives.
 Appointment of personnel and definition of duties
(iv) to search for casualties.
(v) to arrange evacuation of non-essential workers to
assembly areas.
(vi) to set up a communications point with the
emergency control center.
(vii) to assume the responsibilities of the site main
controller pending his or her arrival.
(viii) to provide advice and information as requested
to the emergency services.

It is important that the site incident controller is

readily recognizable at the scene of the incident.
 Appointment of personnel and definition of duties
The Responsibilities of the Site Main Controller
The site main controller is often chosen from the
senior management of the works and has the general
responsibility of directing operations from the
emergency control center after relieving the site
incident controller of the responsibility for overall
control.
(i) to decide (if not decided already) whether a major
emergency exists or is likely, requiring the emergency
services and the off-site emergency plan.
(ii) to exercise direct operational control of the works
outside the affected area.
 Appointment of personnel and definition of duties
The Responsibilities of the Site Main Controller
(iii) continuously to review and assess possible
developments to determine the most probably course
of events.
(iv) to direct the shutting down of plants and their
evacuation, in consultation with the site incident
controller and key personnel.
(v) to ensure that casualties are receiving adequate
attention.
(vi) to liaise with chief officers of the fire and police
services and with the factory inspectorate.
 Appointment of personnel and definition of duties
The Responsibilities of the Site Main Controller
(vii) to control traffic movement within the area.
(viii) to arrange for a log of the emergency to be
maintained.
(ix) to issue authorized statements to the news media.
(x) to control rehabilitation of affected areas after the
emergency.

Apart from the two site controllers, other works

personnel with have key roles to play in the
implementation of the emergency plan.
 Action on Site
The primary purpose of the on-site emergency plan is
to control and contain the incident and so to prevent
it from spreading to nearby plant. It is not possible
to cover every eventuality in the plan and the
successful handling of the emergency will depend on
appropriate action and decisions being taken on the
spot. Other important aspects needing to be considered
include the following:
(i) Evacuation: Non-essential personnel will usually be
evacuated from the incident area and also from
adjacent areas. Evacuation should be to a predetermined
assembly point in a sale part of the works.
 Action on Site
(ii) Accounting for personnel: It is important to be able
to account for personnel during an emergency, but it can
be particularly difficult.
(iii) Access to records: This will be necessary in order
that relatives of any casualties can be quickly informed.
It is suggested that lists of names and addresses of works
personnel should be kept in the emergency control center.
(iv) Public relations: Any incident will attract the
interest of the media and a major accident is likely to
involve widespread radio and television coverage.
(v) Rehabilitation: The emergency will continue until all
fires have been extinguished with to further risk.