Assertion Based and Direct

Reporting Engagement
 Assertion based engagement
• Evaluation or measurement of the subject matter is performed by the
responsible party, and the subject matter information is in the form of an
assertion by the responsible party that is made available to the interested users.
• Also known as Attestation engagements.

Direct reporting engagement

• The practitioner either directly performs the evaluation or measurement of the
subject matter, or obtains a representation from the responsible party that has
performed the evaluation or measurement that is not available to the intended
users.
Attestation service
• Is a type of assurance service in which a practitioner is engaged
to issue a written communication that expresses a conclusion
about a reliability of a written assertion that is the
responsibility of another party.
Relationship among Auditing, Attestation and
Assurance Services
Assurance services is broader in scope
and in concept. It encompasses both audit
Assurance and attestation services.

Attestation services is broader than

audit because attest function is Attestation
beyond historical FS.

Auditing
Auditing is a type of assurance and
attestation service that involves
examination of historical FS.