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Neonatal Hypocalcemia: Presented By: Ms. Manisha Thakur Nursing Tutor Child Health Nursing
Neonatal Hypocalcemia: Presented By: Ms. Manisha Thakur Nursing Tutor Child Health Nursing
HYPOCALCEMIA
Presented by:
Ms. Manisha Thakur
Nursing Tutor
Child Health Nursing
INTRODUCTION
• Hypocalcemia is a common metabolic problem in
newborn period and infancy which may lead to many
clinical sign and symtoms. The prematurity have
higher risk of developing hypocalcemia.
DEFINITION
• Hypocalcemia is defined as total serum calcium
concentration of less than 8.5 mg/dl in children, less
than 8 mg/dl in term neonates and less than 7 mg/dl in
preterm neonates.
Mechanism
• Serum calcium level is affected from the serum levels
of phosphate, magnesium, bicarbonate(increase protien
binding with Ca leading to decrease free Ca level).
• Parathyroid gland release PTH(parathyroid hormone)
which maintains phosphorus and calcium level.
• Phosphorus and calcium are inversely proportional to
each other. That means when ph increases than
calcium decreases.
• Vitamin D helps in the absorption of Ca from intestine.
• Magnesium helps in the absorption of the calcium.
Etiology
• Vitamin D deficiency: malabsorption, malnutrition,
prolonged phenytoin therapy, congenital rickets.
• Metabolic causes: hypoparathyroidism, hypomagnesemia.
• Increased ca loss from the body: hypercalciuria, prolong
corticosteroid, prolong frusemide therapy.
• Other causes: metabolic alkalosis, prematurity, infant with
high phosphate content e.g. cows milk
• Infant of Diabetic mother.
• transfusion with citrate blood
• Di Gerorge syndrome( parathyroid gland smaller in size)
• PHOTOHERAPY
Pathophysiology
Due to etiology