ARCHITECTURAL SCIENCE

(PLUMBING)
 STORM WATER SYSTEM

REASONS FOR DRAINAGE

- Rainwater collecting on roofs, if not diverted,
will run down walls and can cause wall and
window leaks, spill on people who are
approaching entry doors, cause settlement by
washing the soil away from under
foundations, subject basement walls to
unnecessary groundwater pressure and
possible leakage, and erode surrounding
ground, often disfiguring landscaped areas.
STORM DRAIN
This is that portion of the plumbing system
which conveys rain or storm water to a
suitable terminal. This is usually discharge into
a street gutter conveyed by a public drain
system and carried to some natural drainage
terminal such as lakes or rivers.
SIZE OF A STORM DRAIN
Factors to consider in installation and determining the size of
storm drain:
a. Gauging the rainfall, constant, short duration or heavy
shower.
b. The varying roof area and its slope including the distance of
water travel before it reaches the conductors or
downspouts of the roof.
c. Water drain is faster on higher pitched roof hence requires
a larger drainage pipe than that of a flat roof.
d. The height of the building contributes to the high velocity of
water in the vertical conductor (pipe) and accelerate the
flow of water entering the storm drain.
e. Short offsets and indiscriminate use of fittings affect the
flow of water.
 SIZE OF STORM DRAIN

Diameter of pipe MAXIMUM OBTAINED ROOF AREA (sq. m.)

(inches) 2% slope 3% slope 4% slope

3” 114 142 170

4” 242 315 388

5” 438 566 694

6” 700 903 1105

8” 1463 1888 2313

10” 2563 3309 4055

12” 4100 5290 6480

14” 5576 7203 8830

 FIRE PROTECTION
PLANNING
Materials and equipment that must be considered in planning:
a. Fire resistance of the selected structural type and material and the contents of the
building.
b. Limitations of volumes within fire-resistant barriers in otherwise vulnerable buildings.
c. Precautions against perforations of approved and required barriers.
d. Exits and fire tower stairs.
e. Protections against fires caused by defective electrical system.
f. Protection against fires caused by lighting.
g. Detection and alarm system.
h. Standpipe and hose systems within and near buildings.
i. Automatic sprinkler system.
j. Automatic smoke and heat venting.
k. Smoke and heat shafts.
l. Control of air-conditioning ducts.
m. Communication in high-rise building.
n. Elevator control.
o. Fire command station in high-rise buildings.
FIRE STAIR DOORS
Doors to interior stairs shall not be locked except;
a. On street floor to prevent access to stairs.
b. On stair side if every four stories or less, door is open able.
c. Where failsafe electric door lock, activated by any detector, is
provided.

COMPARTMENTATION (applies to floors located more than 12

meters above grade served by multi-floor air-conditioning
system)
d. Areas to be compartmented by one hour separations, into
spaces not to exceed 750 sq.m.
e. Sub-division of area may be increased to 1500 sq.m., provided
such area is completely protected with space detectors.
f. Where total area exceeds 1000 sq.m. at least one fire separation
shall be two hour rated and create areas of refuge.
SPRINKLERS
a. For show rooms exceeding 750 sq.m. located
more than 12m. above grade shall be shall
have sprinkler. Use of domestic water
permitted.
b. When floor is completely sprinklered,
compartmentation and smoke shaft and stair
pressurization is exempted.
• STANDPIPE - A pipe or tank used for the storage
of water, esp. for emergency use.
• STANDPIPE SYSTEM - A system of standpipes,
pumps, siamese connections, and piping,
provided with an adequate supply of water and
equipment with hose outlets for fire fighting.

POSSIBLE SYSTEM OF INSTALLATION FOR

STANDPIPES:
a. Overhead gravity system.
b. Pneumatic system.
SPRINKLERS
- A device designed to release a stream of water and
distribute it in a specified pattern and quantity over
a designated area; usually one of many such outlet
nozzles.
Two system of sprinklers:
a. Wet Pipe System – ordinarily with water constantly
filling both mains and distribution pipes.
b. Dry Pipe System – generally confined to unheated
buildings. Theres no water in the distributing pipes
of dry-pie system except during fire. Remote
valves, may be actuated by sensitive elements to
admit water to sprinkler heads.
Sprinkler Head
- One of the many outlet nozzles in a fire-
protection sprinkler system; in an automatic
system, each nozzle is closed by a fusible plug
that melts at a predetermined temperature.
Position of Sprinkler Heads:
a. Upright – this type is used above piping when
piping is exposed. It is safer against damage
by workers.
b. Pendent – this types projects through a
finished ceiling when piping is concealed.
Spacing of Sprinkler Heads:
- The coverage of one sprinkler head varies
from about 20sq.m. per sprinkler for light
hazard occupancy like hospital, residence etc.
About 9-10sq.m. for extra hazard condition
like hangars, woodworking shop, chemical lab.
etc.