ARCHITECTURAL SCIENCE

(PLUMBING)
 SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM
Different types of Sewage Disposal System:

a. CEESPOOL – A lined and covered excavation in the

ground which receives the discharge of domestic
sewage or other organic wastes from a drainage
system, so designed as to retain the organic matter
and solids, but permitting the liquids to seep
through the bottom and sides.
b. PRIVY – An outhouse which serves as a toilet; It is a
concrete vault constructed for the collection of raw
sewage sealed with wooden shelter.
c. SEPTIC TANK – A watertight, covered receptacle designed
and constructed to receive the discharge of sewage from a
building sewer, separate solids from the liquid, digest
organic matter and store digested solids through a period
of detention, and allow the clarified liquids to discharge for
final disposal.
d. PUBLIC SEWER LINE – A public sewage disposal system
consisting of a sewage treatment unit which conveys the
raw sewage to disposal system.
1. Combination Public Sewer – it conveys storm water and
sanitary waste.
2. Sanitary Sewer – only carries sanitary waste to a
modern sewage disposal plant, rainwater is prohibited.
3. Storm Sewer – this carries storm water and terminates
into a natural drainage such as lakes and rivers.
 SEPTIC TANK
- Serves as a device to decompose the elements
contained in a raw sewage waste. The septic tank
combines two process; sedimentation in the upper
portion of the tank, and anaerobic decomposition
of the accumulated sludge in the bottom.
Decomposition of Organic Waste. Organic waste is a
mixture of carbohydrates, fats protein and soap.
The decomposition of the organic waste is due to
the presence of anaerobic bacteria that purifies and
digest most of the suspended materials and convert
them into gases and chemical compounds of
common derivatives.
Gases produced in septic tank:
a. Methane b. Carbon Dioxide
b. Carbon Monoxide d. Hydrogen
c. Hydrogen Sulphide f. Sulphur Dioxide

The main function of the septic tank is to liquefy

and precipitate solid putrefying or odorous
materials. To discharge large volume of water
and waste containing oil and grease into septic
tank will greatly affect and disturb the
bacterial action. This may then destroy the
purpose for which tank was constructed.
Location of Septic Tank:
Septic tank is constructed either of reinforced concrete or hollow blocks
plastered in order to be watertight.
a. S.T. should be located not less than 15 meters away from potable water to
prevent contamination.
b. No S.T. shall be installed within or under a house.
c. The inlets and outlets are submerged and arranged so as not to disturb the
sludge or scum.
d. S.T. is provided with inlet and outlet inverts of a long turn sanitary tee casted
in the concrete wall. These are placed to at least 1.20 meters from the bottom
of the tank to receive the incoming waste or effluent from the house sewer.
e. For roper reduction of the organic materials, the water content of the tank
should at least be 1.20 meters deep for satisfactory result.
f. The bottom of the tank should slope (1:10) min. towards the manhole in the
center to facilitate cleaning and.
g. The top cover and manhole are usually extended 15 cm. above the surface of
the soil to overcome surface water infiltration.
 Suggested size of S.T. in meters
Inside dimension of digestive chamber
Number of person
served Depth Width Length
10 1.20 0.90 1.80
15 1.20 1.10 2.20
20 1.20 1.25 2.50
25 1.20 1.40 2.80
30 1.30 1.40 3.00
35 1.30 1.50 3.20
40 1.40 1.60 3.30
45 1.40 1.65 3.50
50 1.50 1.75 3.60
60 1.50 1.80 3.60
70 1.50 2.00 4.00
80 1.60 2.20 4.40
90 1.80 2.30 4.60
100 1.80 2.50 5.00