METEOROLOGY

METEOROLOGY
METEOROLOGY

Isthe study of physical properties

of atmosphere and the weather
that occurs within it
 TEMPERATURE
 Affects every aspects of weather and aviation
 Temperature variation is the cause of most weather
phenomena
 Temperature is to measure the ‘hotness’ and ‘coldness’
of a substances.

Measurement of the average kinetic energy

of the molecules in that substance
TEMPERATURE
 TEMPERATURE

• Measures of the motion of the

molecules in the air.
• The greater the molecular speed,
the greater the temperature

Air temperature
 TEMPERATURE

 Temperature scale that common to aviation

world is Celcius and Farenheit
Boiling

Freezing
 TEMPERATURE

 The differences between boiling point of water

and melting point of ice or the temperature
range between which water is a liquid = 100°C
or 180°F
 TEMPERATURE
 Conversion
To get °F =

(C x 1.8) + 32

To get °C =

(F – 32)
1.8
 TEMPERATURE
 Example :
1) Convert 158°C to °F
2) Convert 200°C to °F
3) Convert 80°F to °C
4) Convert 35°F to °C
 TEMPERATURE
 At troposphere, the temperature decrease with an
increase in height

Temperature Height

 It decrease about 2°C per 1000 ft

 TEMPERATURE
 The decreasing in temperature called

LAPSE RATE
 The temperature continue to decrease up to the
top of troposphere to a temperature
-56.5°C
 every 1000ft = ? °C
 TEMPERATURE VARIATION
 The amount of solar radiation received by any region
varies with :

1) Time of day 2) Seasons

3) Latitude 4) Topographical surface

5) Altitude

 So, different solar radiation create temperature variations

 DIURNAL VARIATION
 The change in temperature from day to night
 It brought about by daily rotation of earth

 The earth receives heat during the day by solar

radiation and continuously dissipated heat by
terrestrial radiation
 DIURNAL VARIATION
 During the day :

solar radiation > terrestrial radiation = surface become

warmer

 During night : solar radiation stop BUT

terrestrial radiation continues = cools the surface

solar radiation but terrestrial radiation = surface become cool

DIURNAL VARIATION,siang
siang malam
malam

 Cooling continues after sunrise until solar

radiation again exceeds terrestrial radiation –
min temp usually occurs after sunrise

 The continued cooling after sunrise is one reason

that fog sometimes form shortly after the sun is
above the horizon
 SEASONAL VARIATION

 Since the axis of the earth tilts to the plane of the

orbit, the sun is more nearly overhead in one
atmosphere than in the other; depending upon season
 SEASONAL VARIATION
 The Northern Hemisphere (NH) is warmer in
June. July, August because it receives more solar
energy than Southern Hemisphere (SH)

 The SH receives more solar energy and warmer

during December, January, February
VARIATION with LATITUDE
 Since the earth is spherical, the sun is more
nearly overhead in equatorial regions than at
highest latitudes

- equatorial regions receives the most solar

radiation and are warmest

- Slanting rays of the sun at higher latitudes

deliver less energy over a given area with the
least being received at the poles
VARIATION with LATITUDE
 - thus, the temp varies with latitude from the warm
equator to the cold poles
 VARIATION with TOPOGRAPHY
 Isnot related to the movement of shape of the
earth

 Temp variation induced by : water, terrain

 Large,deep water bodies tend to minimize temp

changes, whereas continent favor large changes
 VARIATION with TOPOGRAPHY
 WET SOIL – (?) is almost as effective as water
in suppressing temperature changes
 THICK VEGETATION – tends to control temp
changes since it contains some water vapour and
insulates against heat transfer between the
ground and atmosphere
 ARID, BARREN SURFACE – permit the
greatest temp changes
 VARIATION with TOPOGRAPHY
 Topographical variation influences both diurnal
and seasonal
 Exp: diff between daily max and min
temperature
a) Water, near shore line, swamp (10°C±)

b) Rocky, sandy deserts (50°C±)

o Prevailing wind is also a factor in temp control
 VARIATION with ALTITUDE
 Temperature normally with altitude
throughout the troposphere

 This is due to solar radiation heating the surface

them the surface, in turn warming the air above
it by terrestrial radiation

 but in can be INVERTED

VARIATION with ALTITUDE