Active and passive

drug targeting syst

em
Presented by
Abid ul haq
06331613043
 Drug Targeting
The therapeutic response of a drug depend
s upon the interaction of drug molecules wit
h cell on cell membrane related biological ev
ents at receptor sites in concentration depe
ndent manner.
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Selective and effective localization of the p
harmacologically-active moiety at preidenti
fied target(s) in therapeutic concentration,
while restricting its access to non-target(s)
normal cellular linings, thus minimizing toxi
c effects and maximizing the therapeutic in
dex.
Reasons for drug targeting
①instability
② Low absorption
③Short half-life
④ Large volume of distribution
⑤ Low specificity
⑥Low therapeutic index
Common approaches of target
ed drug delivery system
Controlling the distribution of drug by incorp
orating it in a carrier system.
Altering the structure of the drug at molecul
ar level.
Controlling the input of the drug into bioenvi
ronment to ensure a programmed and desira
ble biodistribution.
 Passive Targeting
 It utilizes the natural course of biodistribution
of the carrier.
 The colloids which are taken up by the reticulo-
endothelial system (RES) can be ideal vectors for
passive targeting of drugs to RES predominant c
ompartments.
 Passive capture of colloidal carriers by macrop
hages offers therapeutic opportunities for the d
elivery of anti-infective agents.
 Active Targeting
It involves the modification or functionalization of th
e drug carriers so that the contents are delivered excl
usively to the site corresponding to which the carrier
is architected.
Active targeting can be affected at different levels
1.First order targeting (organ compartmentalization)
 2.Second order targeting (cellular targeting)
 3.Third order targeting (intercellular organelles targe
ting)
 First order targeting
Restricted distribution of the drug carrier system
to the capillary bed of a pre-determined target sit
e, organ or tissue.
Second order targeting
The selective drug delivery to a specific cell type
such as tumor cells (& not to the normal cells)
Third order targeting
The third order targeting drug delivery
is specifically to the intracellular organ
elles of the target cells.