ME 091304

Teknik Bangunan dan Konstruksi Kapal II

Fore End Structure

Jurusan Teknik Sistem Perkapalan

Fakultas Teknologi Kelautan – ITS Surabaya
 Stem
 On many conventional ships a stem bar,
which is a solid round bar, is fitted.

 Stem bar is fitted from the keel to the

waterline region, and a radiused plate is
fitted above the waterline to form the
upper part of the stem.

 This forms what is referred to as a ‘soft

nose’ stem, which in the event of a
collision will buckle under load, keeping
the impact damage to a minimum.

 The solid round bar is welded inside the

keel plate at its lower end, and inside the
radiused stem plate at its upper end, the
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shell being welded each side.
 Stem
 It is necessary to support that part
of the stem which is formed by
radiused plates with ‘breast hooks’,
i.e. horizontal plate webs, between
the decks and below the lowest
deck, in order to reduce the
unsupported span of the stem.

 Where the plate radius is large,

further stiffening is provided by a
vertical stiffener on the centre line.

*Breast hook : Pelat segitiga mendatar di haluan kapal 3

Fore end structure

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Fore end structure

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Stem

 Older ships had solid bar stems which were

riveted and of square section.

 It could cause considerable damage on

impact because of its rigidity.

 Small ships such as tugs and trawlers may

still have a solid stem bar extending to the
top of the bow.
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Stem
 Some existing large
passenger ships may have
steel castings or forgings
forming the lower part of
the stem.

 A specially designed bow is

required for ships assigned
Ice Class and additional
scantlings are required for
the stems of ships assigned
other ice classes.
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Bulbous bow
 Vessels operating at higher speeds, and those with high
block coefficients, are often found to have a bulbous or
protruding bow below the waterline.

 From the construction point of view the bulbous bow

does not present any great difficulty if this aspect has
been considered when the bulb form is designed.

 In general however a greater degree of plate curvature

is involved, unless a rather convenient cylindrical form is
adopted and fitted into the bow as a single unit.
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Bulbous bow
 Floors are fitted at every frame
space in the bulb, and a centre
line wash bulkhead is
introduced when the bulb is
large.
 Transverses are fitted at about
every fifth frame in long bulbs.
 Smaller bulbs have a centre line
web but not a wash bulkhead.
 Shell plating covering the bulb
has an increased thickness
similar to that of a radiused
plate stem below the waterline.

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Chain locker

 A chain locker is often arranged in the position forward of the

collision bulkhead, below either the main deck or the second deck.

 It can also be fitted in the forecastle or aft of the collision bulkhead

in which case it must be watertight and have proper means of
drainage.

 Chain locker dimensions are determined in relation to the length

and size of cable, the depth being such that the cable is easily
stowed, and a direct lead at all times is provided to the mouth of
the chain pipe.

 Port and starboard cables are stowed separately in the locker.

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Construction
of chain locker
 The locker does not as a rule
have the same breadth as
the ship, but has
conventionally stiffened
forward and side bulkheads.

 The stiffeners being

conveniently arranged
outside the locker if possible
to prevent their being
damaged.
*chain locker: bak/ceruk/gudang rantai 12
Hawse pipe

 To provide an easy lead for the cable from the

windlass to the anchors, the hawse pipes must be
carefully fitted.

 Tubular hawse pipes are generally fabricated.

Castings are welded at the shell and deck to
prevent chafing.

 Additional stiffening in way of the hawse pipes is

required at the side shell.
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Hawse pipe

*Hawse pipe: tabung/pipa rantai jangkar

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Bow thruster
 With the great increase in the size of the very
large tankers, bulk carriers, containerships,
passenger vessels, etc., directional control at low
speed is of primary importance.

 Bow thruster can help the maneuvering

capability of ship at low speed especially when
approaching the port for berthing.

 The bow thruster unit may consist of:

 A shrouded propeller, where the shroud is movable
and acts as a rudder.
 A transverse tunnel or duct through the ship near the

bow in the narrow forward section. A reversible

propeller is fitted on the center line of the tunnel to act
as a pump discharging the water
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References

 Ship Construction Sketches and Notes

Kemp and Young, Stanford Maritime London,
1984.

 Ship Construction, Sixth Edition, D.J. Eyres,

Butterworth-Heinemann, 2007

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