ASPECTS THAT

INFLUENCE READING
DEVELOPEMENT
 The silent, motionless act of reading belies
the activity happening inside the reader's head.
The symbols on the page are being converted
into a meaningful message that the reader
understands—a message constructed by an
author that she has probably never met.
 As the reader sits motionless, she is
simultaneously decoding the text and
comprehending the message contained within
the text. That is what reading is all about—
decoding and comprehension. The integration of
these two skills is essential to reading, and
neither one is more or less essential than the
other.
 Cognitive Aspects
Cognitive aspects of learning refer to thinking
processes and mental procedures involved in the
learning process. Cognitive factors that influence
learning range from basic learning processes, such as
memorizing facts or information, to higher-level
processes, such as understanding, application,
analysis and evaluation. An important cognitive
aspect of learning, that can hinder or facilitate
learning, is prior knowledge and prior learning
experience of students.
 Examples of cognitive processes

Imagine you’re at the grocery store, making

your weekly shopping excursion. You look for
the items you need, make selections among
different brands, read the signs in the aisles,
work your way over to the cashier and exchange
money. All of these operations are examples of
cognitive processing.
 Affective Aspect

The aspects of mental processes or behavior

directed toward action or change and including
impulse, desire, volition, and striving.
 Emotion has a substantial influence on the
cognitive processes in humans, including
perception, attention, learning, memory,
reasoning, and problem solving. Emotion has a
particularly strong influence on attention,
especially modulating the selectivity of attention
as well as motivating action and behavior.
 This attentional and executive control is
intimately linked to learning processes, as
intrinsically limited attentional capacities are
better focused on relevant information. Emotion
also facilitates encoding and helps retrieval of
information efficiently.
 However, the effects of emotion on learning
and memory are not always univalent, as studies
have reported that emotion either enhances or
impairs learning and long-term memory (LTM)
retention, depending on a range of factors.