GROUP 8

LYMPHOMA
HEMOPOIETIC AND ONCOLOGY
MODULE LEADER: MDM.FARIDA
(DNHO 4213)
 NAME NO.MATRIC
NUR ADELEEN AMYERA BINTI MOHAMAD AZREEN 23041203044

NUR AINAIZYAN 23041203047

NUR ANATASIA SOFEA BINTI NOR HASNIZAN 23041203050

NURFARHA ATIQAH BINTI HISHAM 23041203064

NURIN NATASYA BINTI MOHD RUZI 23041203067

NUR LIYANA AFIFAH BINTI SHARUL AMRI 23041203059

NOR SYAZELLA BINTI MOHD ALI 23041203042

AIMAN RAFEE 23041203029

MUHAMMAD AMJAD BIN MOHD ZAKARIA 23041203030

MUHAMMAD NUR HAFIZ BIN ZULLHATTA 23041203034

MYRA EMMANUEL ANAK JOSEPH 23041203036

 TABLE OF CONTENTS
DEFINITION
TYPES OF LYMPHOMA

FUNCTIONS OF LYMPHOMA
STRUCTURE

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FACTORS/CAUSES

SIGN AND SYMPTOMS

DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION

TREATMENT AND SIDE EFFECTS

STAGING OF LYMPHOMA

NURSING DIAGNOSIS
 DEFINITION

Lymphoma
- A group of blood malignancies that begin in infection

- Lymphocytes (white blood cell)

- Lymphoma is the type of cancer in the lymph nodes, spleen, thymus,

bone marrow, and other parts of the body.
- Refers to the cancerous version rather than all tumors. So when you
have lymphoma, lymphocytes can change and grow out of control.
 TYPES OF LYMPHOMA
1. NON-HODGKIN LYMPHOMA

2. HODGKIN LYMPHOMA
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN NON-HODGKIN AND HODGKIN LYMPHOMA

NON-HODGKIN HODGKIN
LYMPHOMA LYMPHOMA
Term for a group of cancers
Presence of Reed-Sternberg
that develop in B or T
cell
lymphocytes

Does not start in white blood

cells VS Likely to arise in the neck,
underarms or chest.

Start inside bone marrow,

spleen, thymus, and lymph
Contiguous spread
nodes before spread to other
part of body.
 It protects body
from disease by
It drains fluid from removing
tissues and germs(bacteria,vir
returns it to the FUNCTIONS uses and
bloodstream
OF parasites) and
toxin (poisons)
LYMPHATIC
SYSTEMS It helps absorb fats
Helps to destroy and vitamins from
cell that are digestive system
old,damage or and transports
abnormal them to
bloodstream
A picture of
LYMPHOMA
 structure

FORMATION: CANCER CELL OF

LYMPHOMA

● Cancer arising is the lymphatic system, called

lymphoma
● Lymphoma most commonly occurring blood
cancer
● Lymphoma is a type of cancer that occurs in
lymphocytes ( a type white blood cell in the
vertebrate immune system )
● Lymphoma present as solid tumors of lymphoid
cells
 Pathophysiology of lymphoma

● Cancer develops in a variety of factors, infections, genetic

factors, and environmental exposures that are potentially
involved.

● Children and adults can be involved.

● In adults, average lifestyles such as obesity, smoking, and

alcohol intake are associated with an increased risk of
lymphoma.

● Caused by B-cells and T-cells (lymphocytes) or natural killers

cells.

Health history
Those who have a past or
present history illness of
immune system disease and
certain microorganism are
the causes vulnerable to -Immunosuppressant drug
lymphoma.
- HIV
-Sjogen Syndrome
-Rheumatoid Arthritis
Factor & causes
Medical treatment Natural factor
Some medical treatment All these factor
they weaken our body increase our risk to get
immunity to fight disease. lymphoma disease.
-Age
-Previous cancer
treatment -Gender
-Family Genetic
 Signs and symptoms of lymphoma

● Painless swelling of lymph nodes in your neck, armpits or groin

● Fever
● Night sweats
● Weight loss without trying (at least 10% of your body weight over 6
months)
● Dyspnea (shortness of breath)
● Persistent fatigue
● Itching skin
 Diagnostic investigation

Physical TESTS A procedure to

collect bone
Exam AND marrow
PROCE
DURES
Surgery to
Blood Tests remove A
Swollen Lymph
Imaging Nodes
Tests
 Treatment of lymphoma
1 2 3 4

Chemotherapy Radiation Bone marrow Immunotherapy

therapy transplant
 Chemotherapy Radiation therapy

● ● Skin changes in areas

Suppression of the immune
system getting radiation, ranging
● Hair loss from redness to blistering
● Fatigue and peeling
● Tendency to bleed more ● Feeling tired

●
easily
Gastrointestinal distress Side effects ● Nausea
● Diarrhea

Bone marrow transplant from the Immunotherapy

● Increased risk of getting an Treatment ●
●
Fatigue
Fever and chills
infection
● Nausea
● Low blood cell counts ● Allergic reactions or infection in the
● Increased risk of bleeding area where you received the medication
● A reaction called graft versus (immunotherapy is given by IV)Skin
rash or itchy skin
host disease, the donor cells ● Joint pain
can sometimes attack some of ● Appetite loss
your own body cells ● Coughing or breathing problems.
 Staging of lymphoma disease

1st 2nd 3rd 4th

Involvement of Involvement of Lymph node on Widespread

a single lymph 2 or more lymph the both side of disease all over
node region on diaphragm the organ include
node region. the same side involved and non-lymph node
(Small bump) on the side of appeared on involvement
diaphragm other region as
well.
 NURSING DIAGNOSIS
Risk of ineffective breathing pattern related enlarged mediastinal nodes and
airway edema
Body-image disturbances due to treatment, characterized by negative feelings
toward the body.
Fatigue related to physical deconditioning as evidenced by lethargy

Risk for electrolyte imbalance related to treatment regimen

Ineffective health management related to insufficient knowledge of therapeutic regimen as

evidenced by having difficulty with prescribed regimen

Risk for infection related to immunocompromised status

Chronic pain related to interruption of nerve cells

Activity intolerance related to weakness, the exchange of oxygen, malnutrition and exhaustion
THANK YOU
 REFERENCES
● Adult Hodgkin lymphoma treatment (PDQ)(Accessed Sept. 1,
2019) — Health professional version. National Cancer Institute.
Retrieved from https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/hp/adult-
hodgkin-treatment-pdq.

● Carmelita Swiner, MD on (February 07, 2020),What Is

Lymphoma?,Web Md, Retrieved from
https://www.webmd.com/cancer/lymphoma/lymphoma-cancer

● Laurent C, et al. Impact of expert pathologic review of lymphoma

diagnosis: Study of patients from the French Lymphopath
Network. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2017; doi:
10.1200/JCO.2016.71.2083. Retrieved from
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-
conditions/lymphoma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352642

● Roy(February 20,2021), Understanding the function of Lymph.

Retrieved from
https://theeducationlife.com/understanding-the-function-of-
lymph/