MICROPROCESSOR

LECTURE 7
Outline

• Microprocessor Basics
• INTEL 8085 Microprocessor
• Interfacing Devices
• Timing Diagram

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Microprocessor
• Sometimes abbreviated μP, is a Silicon chip that
contains CPU.
• A digital electronic component with miniaturized
transistors on a single semiconductor integrated
circuit (IC).
• One or more microprocessors typically serve as a
CPU in a computer system or handheld device.
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Microprocessor

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 Microprocessor

• Three basic characteristics differentiate

microprocessors:
– Instruction set
– Bandwidth
– Clock speed

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Microprocessor
• Digital Signal Processor (DSP) – Special-
purpose that provides ultra-fast instruction
sequences, such as shift and add, and multiply and
add, which are commonly used in math-intensive
signal processing applications.

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 Microprocessor
• Digital
• Operating by the use of discrete signals to represent data in
the form of numbers
• Signal
• Variable parameter by which information is conveyed through
an electronic circuit
• Processing
• Perform operations on data according to programmed
instructions.
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 Microprocessor

• Characteristics of Digital Signal Processors:

• Separate program and data memories (Harvard
architecture).
• Special Instructions for SIMD (Single Instruction,
Multiple Data) operations.
• Ability to act as a direct memory access device.
• Takes digital data from ADC and passes out data which
is finally output by converting into analog by DAC.
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Microprocessor

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Simple Microprocessor

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Simple Microprocessor

• Address bus
• Data bus
• Read and Write line
• Clock line
• Reset line

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Evolution of Microprocessors

• Date
• Transistors
• Microns

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Intel 8085 Microprocessor

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Intel 8085 Microprocessor

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Intel 8085 Microprocessor

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Intel 8085 Microprocessor
• Program Memory
• Data Memory
• Stack Memory

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 Intel 8085 Microprocessor
Interrupt
• INTR
• RST 5.5
• RST 6.5
• RST 7.5
• TRAP

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 Intel 8085 Microprocessor

Registers
• Accumulator or A register is an 8-bit register used for
arithmetic, logic, I/O and load/store operations.
• Flag Register has five 1-bit flags.
• Sign - set if the most significant bit of the result is set.
• Zero - set if the result is zero.

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 Intel 8085 Microprocessor

Registers
• Auxiliary carry - set if there was a carry out from bit 3 to
bit 4 of the result.
• Parity - set if the parity (the number of set bits in the
result) is even.
• Carry - set if there was a carry during addition, or
borrow during subtraction/comparison/rotation.

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 Intel 8085 Microprocessor

DMA Signals
• HOLD
• HLDA
• READY

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 Intel 8085 microprocessor

Instructions Set:
• Data moving instructions.
• Arithmetic - add, subtract, increment and decrement.
• Logic - AND, OR, XOR and rotate.
• Control transfer - conditional, unconditional, call subroutine,
return from subroutine and restarts.
• Input/Output instructions.

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Intel 8085 microprocessor

Addressing Mode
• Register
• Register indirect
• Direct, Immediate

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Timing Diagram
• Refers to the way in which events are coordinated on
the bus (buses use either synchronous or
asynchronous timing)
• Synchronous

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Timing Diagram

• Refers to the way in which events are coordinated on

the bus (buses use either synchronous or
asynchronous timing)
• Asynchronous:

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 Timing Diagram
• Synchronous
– Events determined by clock signals
– Control Bus includes clock line
– A single 1-0 is a bus cycle
– All devices can read clock line
– Usually sync on leading edge
– Usually a single cycle for an event

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Timing Diagram

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Timing Diagram (Read Cycle)

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Timing Diagram (Write Cycle)

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