PR E S E N TAT I O N

NAME : JULIA KUSAJENG

GRADE : XI IPS 1
 Tsunami

Tsunamis (Japan:  tsu = port, nami = waves, literally means “a huge

wave in the port“) is the transfer of bodies of water caused by changes in
sea level vertically with suddenly. Changes in sea level can be caused by an
earthquake centered beneath the sea, undersea volcanic eruptions,
submarine landslides, meteor lacing or at sea. Tsunami waves can propagate
in all directions. The energy is reflected in tsunami waves are fixed against
the function of altitude and kelajuannya. In the deep sea, a tsunami wave
can propagate with the speed of 500 – 1000 km per hour. Equivalent to the
speed of the aircraft.The height of the waves in the sea in only about 1
meter. Thus, the pace of the surge was not felt by the ship that was in the
middle of the sea. When approaching the coast, its speed decreases to
tsunami waves of about 30 km per hour, but typically have already risen to
tens of meters. Tsunami waves can go in lacing up to tens of kilometres
from the shore. The damage and casualties that occur due to the Tsunami
can be caused due to lacing the water or material to be carried away by the
flow of tsunami waves. The negative impact arising from the tsunami is
destructive to what took place. Buildings, vegetation, and resulting in
human casualties and causing inundation, salt water pollution of agricultural
land, land,and water.
 Historian of Greece named Thucydides was the first to relate tsunami
earthquake under the sea. But until the 20th century, the knowledge about
the causes of tsunamis is still very minimal. Research is still being done to
understand the causes of tsunamis. Geology, geography, and Oceanography
in the past calling tsunamis as “seismic sea waves.” Some meteorological
conditions, such as tropical storms, can causea surge of storm is called a
meteor tsunami height of several metres above normal sea waves. When the
storm reaches the Mainland, its shape can resemble a tsunami, even though
it isn’t really a tsunami. The surf could inundate the land. This storm surge
never inundate the Burma (Myanmar) in May 2008.
The area around the Pacific Ocean have the Pacific Tsunami WarningCentre
(PTWC) which issued a warning if there is a threat of a tsunami in the
region. The area around the Indian Ocean were building Indian Ocean
Tsunami Warning System (IOTWS) which will be based inIndonesia.
Historical evidence shows that a megatsunami may occur, which causes
some of the Islands could be submerged.
 Earthquakes

Earthquakes are vibrations or shocks that occur on the surface of the earth and
are felt at different scales. Earthquakes indicate movements in the earth's plates
which cause a domino effect on surrounding objects.

The word earthquake itself refers to the area of origin of the movement or
event, despite the fact that the earth is a dense planet. However, because it is always
moving at a speed that cannot be felt by humans, earthquakes carry out activities that
cause pressure, which in turn often occurs because they cannot be held.

Most earthquakes are caused by the release of enormous energy in the earth's
plates. The longer it will usually be more depressed and also large. Eventually it
reaches a state where the pressure cannot be contained or held anymore.

The process of earthquakes actually varies, where earthquakes occur when

rocks in the earth's crust experience pressure and cause plates to rub together. The
slab in question can be between oceans and between continents. When a collision
occurs, an earthquake will occur. However, this process is the most common
earthquake, there are several earthquakes classified by reason:
1. Tectonic earthquake
Tectonic earthquake is an earthquake that occurs due to the collision of the earth's
plates or the earth's plates shifting, this has an effect on the surface of the earth
which ultimately causes an earthquake. As explained in the initial paragraph, these
earthquakes are most common and can start with a variety of scales ranging from
low to very large scale.
The process of the occurrence of tectonic earthquakes begins with the interaction
between plates that cause other plates to enter or infiltrate downwards, commonly
called Subduction. An earthquake or vibration will change to become even greater if
there is something to block but then come to infiltrate suddenly and suddenly. This is
what sometimes causes the soil to crack and swallow various buildings and so on.

2. Volcanic Earthquake
The second earthquake came from the phenomenon of volcano eruption or disaster
due to the release of magma from the bowels of the earth. Mountains have an active
period, where mountains can erupt and emit magma due to pressure and rock energy
which is indeed time to be released or erupted. You certainly know that mountain
eruptions usually begin with vibrations or friction between the magma and the
bowels of the earth which eventually cause an earthquake. If the mountain is in the
sea then it will cause an earthquake accompanied by sea waves or tsunami disaster.
3. Extraterrestrial Earthquake
The next earthquake which is quite rare, but still feared by many people. This
earthquake is called an extraterrestrial earthquake caused by the presence of meteors
or celestial bodies that enter and hit the Earth's atmosphere. This is done by the
atmosphere in order to protect it from the earth and not refuse objects to enter.
Giving rise to vibration and finally felt or an earthquake occurred.

4. Other Factors
Another factor is obtained from the earth's core movements or waves that usually
occur. Where the earth's core is indeed active and produces lava to be able to run
existing resources, but these waves can be the main source of why vibrations or
waves that feel up to the earth's surface. However, these vibrations are mild and are
usually not very pronounced, because humans perform daily activities.
THANK YOU..