Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors and Inductors
Chapter 6
Chap. 6, Capacitors and Inductors
• Introduction
• Capacitors
• Series and Parallel Capacitors
• Inductors
• Series and Parallel Inductors
εA
C
d
r 0
0 8.854 10 12 (F/m)
Variable capacitors
dq dv
+ i q Cv, i C
C
dt dt
v
-
• when v is a constant voltage, then i=0; a constant
voltage across a capacitor creates no current through
the capacitor, the capacitor in this case is the same as
an open circuit.
• If v is abruptly changed, then the current will have an
infinite value that is practically impossible. Hence, a
capacitor is impossible to have an abrupt change in
its voltage except an infinite current is applied.
Ch06 Capacitors and Inductors 14
Fig 6.7
Abrupt change
Ch06 Capacitors and Inductors 15
dv 1 t +
v() 0
i
iC v(t ) idt
dt C v C
1 t
v(t ) idt v(to)
C to
v(to) q(to) / C -
q 2 (t )
w(t ) -
2C
Solution:
(a) Since q Cv,
12
q 3 10 20 60pC
1 t 3000 t 3 10 3000t t
3
v 6 0
6 e 3
dt 10 e
2 10 3000 0
3000t
(1 e )V
Ch06 Capacitors and Inductors 22
Example 6.4
Solution:
• The voltage waveform can be described
mathematically as
50t V 0 t 1
100 50t V 1 t 3
v(t )
200 50t V 3t 4
0 otherwise
50 0 t 1 10mA 0 t 1
6 50 1 t 3 10mA 1 t 3
i (t ) 200 10
50 3t 4 10mA 3t 4
0 otherwise 0 otherwise
Solution:
• Under dc condition, we replace each capacitor
with an open circuit. By current division,
3
i (6mA) 2mA
3 2 4
v1 2000 i 4 V, v 2 4000i 8 V
1 1 3
w1 C1v1 (2 10 )(4) 16mJ
2 2
2 2
1 1 3
w2 C2 v2 (4 10 )(8) 128mJ
2 2
2 2
Ch06 Capacitors and Inductors 28
Fig 6.14
Ceq C1 C 2 C3 .... C N
i i1 i2 i3 ... iN
dv dv dv dv
i C1 C2 C3 ... C N
dt dt dt dt
N
dv dv
C K Ceq
k 1 dt dt
Ceq C1 C2 C3 .... C N
• The equivalent capacitance of N parallel-
connected capacitors is the sum of the
individual capacitance.
Ch06 Capacitors and Inductors 30
Fig 6.15
1 1 1 1 1
...
Ceq C1 C2 C3 CN
Solution:
20 F and 5 F capacitors are in series:
20 5
4 F
20 5
4 F capacitor is in parallel with the 6 F
and 20 F capacitors:
4 6 20 30F
30 F capacitor is in series with
the 60 F capacitor.
30 60
Ceq F 20F
30 60
Ch06 Capacitors and Inductors 35
Example 6.7
N A
2
L
l
N : number of turns.
l :length.
A:cross sectional area.
: permeability of the core
(a) air-core
(b) iron-core
(c) variable iron-core
v
1 t
i v(t )dt i (to )
L
L to -
3
1 t t
i 0 30t dt 0 6 2t 3 A
2
5 3
Ch06 Capacitors and Inductors 53
Example 6.9
The power p vi 60t 5 , and the energy stored is then
6
t 5
5
w pdt 0 60t dt 60 156.25 kJ
5
60
Alternatively, we can obtain the energystored using
Eq.(6.13), by writing
1 2 1
w(5) w(0) Li (5) Li (0)
2 2
1
(5)(2 5 ) 0 156.25 kJ
3 2
2
as obtained before.
Ch06 Capacitors and Inductors 54
Example 6.10
Solution:
(a ) Under dc condition : capacitor open circuit
inductor short circuit
12
i iL 2 A, vc 5i 10 V
1 5
(b) 1 1
wc Cvc (1)(10 2 ) 50J,
2
2 2
1 2 1
wL Li (2)(2 2 ) 4J
2 2
Ch06 Capacitors and Inductors 56
Inductors in Series
Leq L1 L2 L3 ... LN
1 1 1 1
Leq L1 L2 LN
1 t 1 t 1 t
i t vdt i1 (t0 ) t vdt is (t0 ) ... t vdt iN (t0 )
Lk 0
L2 0 LN 0
1 1 1 t
... t vdt i1 (t0 ) i2 (t0 ) ... iN (t0 )
L1 L2 LN 0
N 1t N
1 t
t vdt ik (t0 ) vdt i (t0 )
k 1 Lk Leq
0 t 0
k 1
• Solution:
Series : 20H, 12H, 10H
42H
7 42
Parallel : 6H
7 42
Leq 4 6 8 18H
Solution:
10 t
(a ) i (t ) 4(2 e )mA i (0) 4(2 1) 4mA.
i1 (0) i (0) i2 (0) 4 (1) 5mA
(b) The equivalent inductance is
Leq 2 4 || 12 2 3 5H
di 10 t 10 t
v(t ) Leq 5(4)(1)(10)e mV 200e mV
dt
di 10 t 10 t
v1 (t ) 2 2(4)(10)e mV 80e mV
dt
10 t
v2 (t ) v(t ) v1(t ) 120e mV
Ch06 Capacitors and Inductors 67
Example 6.12
1 t
(c) i 0 v(t ) dt i (0)
L
1 t 120 t 10t
i1 (t ) 0 v2 dt i1 (0) e dt 5 mA
4 4 0
10t t
3e 5 mA 3e 10t 3 5 8 3e 10t mA
0
1 t 120 t 10t
i2 (t ) 0 v2 dt i2 (0) e dt 1mA
12 12 0
10 t t
e 1mA e 10t 1 1 e 10t mA
0
Note that i1 (t ) i2 (t ) i (t )
Ch06 Capacitors and Inductors 68