Effect of Rounding Errors in

Arithmetic Operations
Topics to be Covered Today
• Error Accumulation in Addition.
• Error Accumulation in Subtraction.
• Error Accumulation in Multiplication.
• All with practice examples.

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Error Accumulation in Addition

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Error Accumulation in Addition…(AE)

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Error Accumulation in Addition…(RE)

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Error Accumulation in Subtraction

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Error Accumulation in Subtraction…(AE)

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Error Accumulation in Subtraction…(RE)

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Rounding AE for Individual Approximate
Number

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Exercise 1
• If the numbers 0.3062 – 0.25026 + 2.51392 are rounded, estimate the
maximum absolute and relative errors.
• Also find range in which the true answer lies.

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Exercise 1 - Solution

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Exercise 1 - Solution

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Exercise 1 - Solution

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Exercise 1 - Solution

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Exercise 1 - Solution

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Exercise 1 - Solution

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Do it Yourself
Estimate the maximum A.E and R.E for 187.2 + 93.5. Also find the range
of error.

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Solution

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Solution

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Solution

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Solution

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Error Accumulation in Multiplication

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Error Accumulation in Multiplication…R.E

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Error Accumulation in Multiplication…A.E

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Example 2
• If the given numbers are rounded, estimate the relative and absolute
errors of the product, 4.0643 x 0.37487.
• Find also the range in which the product lies.
• Round off intermediate answers to 4dp.

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Example 2 - Solution

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Example 2 - Solution

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Example 2 - Solution

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Example 2 - Solution

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The End

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