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Installing Linux

Chapter 1: Introduction to Linux

 Linux is the most commonly used operating system in the world,
and was started with Linus Torvalds, and today more than 90
percent of supercomputers, more than half of all smartphones, many
millions of desktop computers, around 70 percent of all web servers,
a large chunk of tablet computers, and several appliances run it.
 A Linux distribution is a collection of software on top of a Linux
kernel. A distribution (or short, distro) can bundle server software,
system management tools, documentation and many desktop
applications in a central secure software repository.
Some popular distributions are
1. Red Hat
2. Ubuntu 
3. Debian
 Installing Linux

Chapter 2: Installing Linux

The Redhat is available on the following architectures:
► i386
► AMD64/Intel64
► System z
► IBM Power (64-bit)
Some of the new features in Redhat are:
► Power management
► Next generation networking
► Scalable file systems
► Virtualization
► Enterprise security enhancement
► Development and runtime support
There are three ways to install Redhat which are:
Graphical installer, Kickstart and Text-based installer
 Installing Linux

Chapter 3: Basic Commands

 Working with directories:
there are more commands used in directories which are
•
pwd for knowing which present directory you are using.
• cd for changing the present directory you are using.
• ls for displaying the list contents for the present directory you are using.
• mkdir for creating new directory with a name.
• rmdir for removing an empty directory.

 Working with files:

there are more commands used in files which are
• file for determining the file type.
• touch for creating an empty file.
• rm for removing a file.
• cp for copying a file to another one
• mv for renaming a file to another name
• cat for creating, displaying, concatenating and copying a text file.
 Installing Linux

 Filesystem Hierarchy Standard:

The FHS has been designed to be used by UNIX distribution
developers, package developers, and system implementers.
Everything that exists on your Linux system can be found below the
root directory which are:
•Binary directories: are files contain compiled code like /bin, /sbin and /lib.
•Configuration directories: are files contain applications like /boot and /etc.
•Data directories: are files contain data like /home and /root.
•Memory directories: are files contain devices like /dev.
 The vi editor is installed on almost every Linux because it is an easy tool
to solve problems.
 Installing Linux

Chapter 4: local user management

The following commands used to identify the account you are using
• whoami
• who
• who am i

You can use su command to run a shell to another user where you can run
a program to another user using visudo command.

User management on Linux can be done in three complementary ways.

1. graphical tools provided by your distribution.
2. command line tools like useradd, usermod, gpasswd, passwd and others.
3. edit the local configuration files directly using vi (or vipw/vigr).
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root
The root user also called the superuser is the most powerful account on
your Linux system. This user can do almost anything, including the
creation of other users.

In linux there are files which contain information like

/etc/passwd: database file in local user

/etc/shadow: database file for password information

/etc/group: database file for groups

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