Oprating System

Linux Operating
System
PRESENT BY: Raghad Khalaf ,Alanoud Hathal,
Duha Aqeel, Sultanh Turki

………………………..
 TABLE OF CONTET

•Introduction
•history
•Benfit of linux
•Application
•Architecture
•Interface in linux
•Commands
 •Linux is a Unix-like operating system
assembled under the model of free and
open source software.

• Linux was mainly programmed in C and

What is Linux? Assembly languages

•Linux is developed collaboratively,

meaning no one company is solely
responsible for its development or ongoing
support..
 History
•In 1991, Linus Torvalds was
a second year student of
Computer Science at the
University of Helsinki in
Finland where he had been
using Minix,
• a non-free Unix-like system
to study the inner workings of
the computer
•Linus was a believer of
free and open software and
wanted to develop an Unix-
like operating system that
was in support of the GNU
cause.
• He began writing his own
kernel while in college.
Advantages of Linux
01
Free
The biggest advantage of
the Linux system is that it
is free to use.
04
Performance
Linux system provides high
performance over
different networks.
02
Stability
Linux is more stable than
other operating systems.
05
Flexibility
Linux operating system is very
flexible. It can be used for
desktop applications, embedded
systems , and server
applications too.
03
Security
The Linux security feature is
the main reason that it is
the most favorable
option for developers.
06
Software Updates
In Linux, the software
updates are in user control.
What do you use Linux for?
Linux is used in the following ways:
-Server OS for web servers
-Database servers
-File servers
-Email servers, and any other type of shared server.
Architecture of Linux:

Hardware layer: The hardware layer of Linux is

made up of several peripheral devices attached to
the System such as a CPU, HDD, and RAM.

Kernel: core part of an operating system. It

manages the operations of the computer and the
hardware
Architecture of Linux:

Shell: It is an interface among the kernel and user.

It provides kernel services, and it runs kernel
operations. operating systems are categorized into
two different types, which are the graphical shells
and command-line shells.

Applications : These are the utility programs which

runs on Shell. This can be any application like Your
web browser, media player, text editor
 Linux interface
GUI
• Provided by the graphical shell
• User-Friendly
• Require more memory
• appearance may be modified
CLI
• Provided by commmand line shell
• Complex and powerful
• Require less memory
• appearance may not be modified
 Basic linux terminals
cd Alllow you to go to a directory

alias Create custom shortcuts for your regularly used terminal

mkdir Create directories

clear Clear the terminal display

whoami Get the active username

ps Displays the list of processes running on the system.

useradd and usermod Add a new user or change existing user

 LS command
●The ls command is used to display a list of content of a directory.
• ls -a ( all ) Lists all the files ( including hidden files ).
• ls -S ( size ) Lists the biggest files first .
• ls -r ( reverse ) Reverses the sort order.

Cal command
The cal command displays a well-presented calendar on the terminal.
The basic syntax :cal or Specific calendar : cal <month year>
 Sort command
The sort command will provide a sort the file contents a in aplanatic order .
The basic syntax :sort <file name> or Reverse order: Sort -r <file name>

rm command
The rm and command is used to delete files.
The basic Syntax: rm <file name>
rm - i. :Remove a file interactively. rm -r or To delete a directory recursively.
Rename command

to rename a large group of files at once.

Basic syntax: rename 's/old-name/new-name/' files
• rename –n :Check changes before running the command.
• rename (a-z)(A-Z)/ (A-Z)(a-z): Convert into upper case/lower case
touch:
is used to create empty files. We can create multiple empty files by
executing it once.
Syntax: touch <file name>
Commands of Linux:
uptime :
The uptime command tells us how long a system has been running.
Syntax: uptime

Date :
The command will display the current date and time of the system.
Syntax :date
Free:
The free command gives information about used and unused
memory usage and swap memory of a system.

Syntax: free
Thank you for listening