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A Brachial Plexus
A Brachial Plexus
Dr.GaneshKhemnar
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Anatomy
BVDUMC, Pune
BRACHILAL PLEXUS
• Roots
– The ventral rami of spinal nerves C5 to T1 are referred to as the
roots of the plexus.
• Trunks
– Shortly after emerging from the intervertebral foramina , these 5
roots unite to form three trunks.
– The ventral rami of C5 & C6 unite to form the Upper Trunk.
– The ventral ramus of C 7 continues as the Middle Trunk.
– The ventral rami of C 8 & T 1 unite to form the Lower
Trunk.
• Divisions
– Each trunk splits into an anterior division and a posterior division.
– The anterior divisions usually supply flexor muscles
– The posterior divisions usually supply extensor muscles
Location of Brachial plexus
Relations of Brachial plexus
FORMATION OF THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS
CONT.
• Cords
– The anterior divisions of the upper and middle trunks unite to form
the lateral cord.
– The anterior division of the lower trunk forms the medial cord.
– All 3 posterior divisions from each of the 3 cords all unite to form the
posterior cord.
• The cords are named according to their position relative to the axillary artery
• Terminal branches:
• Musculo Cutaneous
• Ulnar n.
• Median n.
• Axillary n.
• Radial n.
Relations of Brachial plexus
Brachial Plexus
Relation with Axillary Artery
Postfixed Brachial Plexus
Brachial Plexus Injuries
• The brachial plexus lies in the posterior triangle
of the neck between the scalenus anterior and
scalenus medius muscles. At the root of the
neck, it lies behind the clavicle.
• The most common injury is severe traction with
the arm in abduction e.g. after a motor cycle
accident. Partial paralysis may also result from
shoulder dislocation. Direct injury to the brachial
plexus can result from a stab or gunshot wound.
:
Brachial Plexus Injuries
• In Adults:
• Sports most commonly associated:
Football, baseball, basketball,
volleyball, wrestling, and
gymnastics.
• Nerve injuries can result from:
Blunt force trauma, poor posture or
chronic repetitive stress.
Brachial Plexus Injuries
Clinical Appearance:
Motor Loss:
Small muscles of Hand
Sensory Loss:
Medial aspect of Upper Limb
Person grasping something to prevent a fall
Baby’s upper limb is pulled excessively during
delivery
Claw Hand
Aetiology: