Example II :

Matrix Chain
Multiplication
Problem
Prachi Joshi
Example: We are given the sequence {4, 10,
3, 12, 20, and 7}. The matrices have size 4 x
10, 10 x 3, 3 x 12, 12 x 20, 20 x 7.

1 2 3 4 5
1
2
3
4
5
  

4*10 10*3 3*12 12*20 20*7

1 2 3 4 5
1 0
2 0
3 0
4 0
5 0
For just A1 Cost is 0. m[1,1]=0
For just A2 Cost is 0 m[2,2]=0
For just A3 Cost is 0 m[3,3]=0
For just A4 Cost is 0 m[4,4]=0
For just A5 Cost is 0 m[5,5]=0
  

4*10 10*3 3*12 12*20 20*7

Find m[1,2] = A1 . A2
= (4*10) (10*3)
= 4*10*3 1 2 3 4 5
= 120 1 0 120
2 0
3 0
4 0
5 0
  

4*10 10*3 3*12 12*20 20*7

Find m[2,3] = A2 . A3
= (10*3) (3*12)
= 10*3*12 1 2 3 4 5
= 360 1 0 120
2 0 360
3 0
4 0
5 0
  

4*10 10*3 3*12 12*20 20*7

Find m[3,4] = A3 . A4
= (3*12) (12*20)
= 3*12*20 1 2 3 4
= 720 1 0 120
2 0 360
3 0 720
4 0
5
  

4*10 10*3 3*12 12*20 20*7

Find m[4,5] = A4 . A5
= (12*20) (20*7)
= 12*20*7 1 2 3 4 5
= 1680 1 0 120
2 0 360
3 0 720
4 0 1680
5 0
Find m[1,3] = Two ways, take the minimum 
4*10 10*3 3*12 12*20 20*7
Way 1
A1 . (A2 . A3)
4*10 10*3 3*12
=m[1,1]+m[2,3]+4*10*12
=0+360+480
=840 1 2 3 4 5
1 0 120 264
Way 2 2 0 360
(A1 . A2) . A3
3 0 720
4*10 10*3 3*12
=m[1,2]+m[3,3]+4*3*12 4 0 1680
=120+0+144 5 0
=264
Find m[2,4] = Two ways, take the minimum 
4*10 10*3 3*12 12*20 20*7
Way 1
A2 . (A3 . A4)
10*3 3*12 12*20
=m[2,2]+m[3,4]+10*3*20
=0+720+600
=1320 1 2 3 4 5
1 0 120 264
Way 2 2 0 360 1320
(A2 . A3) . A4
3 0 720
10*3 3*12 12*20
=m[2,3]+m[4,4]+10*12*20 4 0 1680
=360+0+2400 5 0
=2760
Find m[3,5] = Two ways, take the minimum 
4*10 10*3 3*12 12*20 20*7
Way 1
A3 . (A4 . A5)
3*12 12*20 20*7
=m[3,3]+m[4,5]+3*12*7
=0+1680+252
=1932 1 2 3 4 5
1 0 120 264
Way 2 2 0 360 1320
(A3 . A4) . A5
3 0 720 1140
3*12 12*20 20*7
=m[3,4]+m[5,5]+3*20*7 4 0 1680
=720+0+420 5 0
=1140
  

4*10 10*3 3*12 12*20 20*7

Find m[1,4] Use the following formula

m[1,4]=min{m[1,1]+m[2,4]+4*10*20, m[1,2]+m[3,4]+4*3*2,
m[1,3]+m[4,4]+4*12*20}

=min{0+1320+800,120+720+240,264+0+960}
1 2 3 4 5
=min{2120,1080,1224} 1 0 120 264 1080
2 0 360 1320
=1080 3 0 720 1140
4 0 1680
5 0
  

4*10 10*3 3*12 12*20 20*7

Find m[2,5] Use the following formula

m[2,5]=min{m[2,2]+m[3,5]+10*3*7, m[2,3]+m[4,5]+10*12*7,
m[2,4]+m[5,5]+10*20*7}

=min{0+1932+210,360+1680+840,1320+0+1400}
1 2 3 4 5
=min{1350,2880,2720}
1 0 120 264 1080
=1350 2 0 360 1320 1350
3 0 720 1140
4 0 1680
5 0
  

4*10 10*3 3*12 12*20 20*7

Find m[1,5] Use the following formula

m[1,5]=min{m[1,1]+m[2,5]+4*10*7, m[1,2]+m[3,5]+4*3*7,
m[1,3]+m[4,5]+4*12*7,m[1,4]+m[5,5]+4*20*7}

=min{0+1350+280,120+1140+84,264+1680+336,1080+0+560}
1 2 3 4 5
=min{1630,1344,2280,1640}
1 0 120 264 1080 1344
=1344 2 0 360 1320 1350
3 0 720 1140
4 0 1680
5 0
 1 2 3 4 5
1 0 120 264 1080 1344
2 0 360 1320 1350
3 0 720 1140
4 0 1680
5 0