Week 5

The discrete time fourier transform

KIE2006 (Week 5 to Week 13)
Group 1
Monday : 11-12 noon (recorded lecture SPECTRUM)
12-1 pm (online lecture MS Teams)
Friday : 10 – 11 am (online lecture MS Teams)

Group 2
Tuesday : 11-12 noon (recorded lecture SPECTRUM)
12-1 pm (online lecture MS Teams)
Friday : 11 – 12 am (online lecture MS Teams)
 Signals can be : voice,
A discrete signal is a time
videos or images,
series consisting of a
temperature records, stock
sequence of quantities.
prices, health records, etc

a discrete-time signal is
not a function of a
continuous argument;
however, it may have been
obtained by sampling from
a continuous-time signal.
ts is the time sample, i.e. the time between 2 indexs
The Fourier Transform vibration analysis, audio engineering,
and image processing.

Why is the Fourier Transform important?

To transform a time domain signal into the frequency domain.
 DFT enables us to find the
spectrum of a finite-
duration signal.
Discrete Fourier
Transform

For example, to analyze

the spectrum of the output
of an LC oscillator to see
how much noise is present
in the produced sine wave.
Discrete Fourier Transform
Properties of the discrete-time fourier
transform
𝑥 [ −𝑛 ] ↔ 𝑋 (𝑒 − 𝑗 𝜔 )
 
The unit impulse and unit step functions
Exercise 1

Use
  the fourier transform analysis equation to calculate
the Fourier transforms of

a) [n+2] - [n-2]
Exercise 2
  
Given that x[n] has Fourier transform X(), express
the Fourier transforms of the following signals in
terms of X(). You may use the Fourier transform
properties listed in table.

a) [n] = x[1-n] + x[-1-n]

b) [n] = x[n]
 
[n] = x[1-n] + x[-1-n]
Exercise 3

Compute
  the following Fourier transform of each the
following signals :
a) x[n] = u[n-2] – u[n-6]
b) x[n] = u [-n-1]
Exercise 4
   following are the Fourier transforms of discrete-time
The
signals. Determine the signal corresponding to each
transform.

a) X( = 1 + 3+ 2 - 4 +

b) X() = + 3
cos 2 = 2 – 1
cos 2 = 1 - 2
The convolution property
Exercise 5

Consider
  a discrete-time LTI system with impulse
response h[n] = u[n]. Use fourier transforms to
determine the response to the following input signals :
a) x[n] = u[n]
b) x[n] = (n+1) u[n]
Exercise 6

Suppose
  that h[n] = u[n]. Use fourier transform to
determine the response for input x[n] = u[n]
Exercise 7

Determine
  the response. Let x[n] and h[n] be signals
with the following fourier transforms :

X(= 3 + 1 - + 2
H() = + 2 +
 Systems characterized by linear constant
coefficient difference equations

A general
  linear constant-coefficient difference equation for
an LTI system with input x[n] and output y[n] is of the form

Applying the fourier transform to both sides and using the

linearity and time-shifting properties, we obtain

Then, H) =
Example 8
Consider the causal LTI system that is characterized by
the difference equation
y[n] – ay[n-1] = x[n] with |a|<1
Example 9

Consider
  the causal LTI system that is characterized by
the difference equation
y[n] - y[n-1] + y[n-2] = 2 x[n]
Example 10

Consider
  the LTI system of example 5.19, and let the
input to this system be

x[n] = u[n]
Exercise 11

A causal
  and stable system S has the property that (.

a) Determine the frequency response H() for the system

S
b) Determine a difference equation relating any input
x[n] and the corresponding output y[n]
 Exercise 12
 
Consider a causal LTI system described by the
difference equation
y[n] + y[n-1] = x[n]

a) Determine the frequency response of this system.

b) What is the response of the system to the
following inputs :
(i) x[n] = u[n]
(ii) x[n] = u[n]
 x[n] = u[n]
 

X( = 1 +

Since, H ( = ,
Y( =1

Hence, y[n] = [n]