Name: NNAD LYNDA ONYINYECHI

Reg no: 2017/251510

Course code: MGB 346
Assignment
1. Why is kidney transplant a major treatment or management of glomerulosclerosis (ex plain and give 4 points )
2a. Why do transplant seldomly result to autoimmunity or graft rejection
2b. Highlight 3 approaches to prevent autoimmunity for a kidney transplant

Answers
1. A kidney transplant is a surgery done to replace a disease kidney with a healthy kidney from a donor .The
kidney may come from a deceased organ donor or from a living donor .family members or other who are good
match may be able to donate one of their kidney. This type kidney transplant is called a living transplant .A person
getting a transplant most often gets just 1 kidney .The transplanted kidney is placed in the lower belley on the front
side of the body
Four points to explain why kidney transplant i
s a major treatment of glomerulosclerosis are:

1. The kidney removes urea and liquid waste from th

e blood in the form of urine .Urea is made when foods
containing proteins such as meat ,poultry and vegetabl
es are broken down in the body .Urea is carried in the
blood to the kidneys
ii. Kidney balance salts,electrolytes such as potassiu
m and sodium and other substances in the blood.
iii. Kidneys produces erythropoietin ,a hormone that
aids the formation of red blood cells .
iv. Kidneys regulate fluids and acid - base balance in t
he body to keep it neutral.This is needed for normal fu
nction of many processes within the body
•
2a. Why do transplant seldomly re
sult to autoimmunity or graft rejecti
on
Transplantation is the act of transferring cells, tissues or organs from one site to
another.The malfunction of an organ system can be corrected with transplantati
on of an organ (eg.kidney and heart),from a donor .However ,the immune syste
m remains the most formidable barrier to transplantation as a routine medical tr
eatment. The immune system has developed elaborate and effective mechanism
to combat foreign agents .These mechanisms are also involved in the rejection of
transplanted organs,which are recognized as foreign by the recipients immune sy
stem. This mechanisms aids in understanding the clinical features of rejection an
d in making an early diagnosis and delivering appropriate treatment.This mechan
ism is also critical in developing strategies to minimize rejection and in developin
g new drugs and treatments that blunt the effects of the immune system on tran
splanted organs, thereby ensuring longer survival of these organs.

2b. i.modulation of IgG glycosylation

ii.Therapeutic IgG degradation
• iii.The use of immune-suppressants