Language and

Identity
GROUP 4:
1. Devita Eka Lestari (
2. Nabilla Tasyaa (06011381823056)
3. Brigita Elra Rugun (06011381823070)
SOCIAL IDENTITY

1. Language and social stratisfication

2. Class
3. Status and role
4. Solidarity and distance
5. The problem of sexism
Language and social
stratisfication

Languages very according

to the social
characteristics of the
speakers. Language also
according to the
situations in which their
users find themselves.
Status and role

"Statuts” is the position a person

holds in the social Structure of a
community-such as a priest, an
official, life or a husband.
"Roles are the conventional modes
of behaviour that sociery expects
a person to adopt when holding a
particular status.
Social class involves grouping
people together and according
them status within society
according to the groups they
belong to.

CLASS
 One of the most important
functions of language variation is
Solidarity to enable individuals to identify
with a social group or to
and separate themselves from it. The
markers of solidarity and
distance distance may relate to family,
gender, ethnicity, social class or
to any of the groups and
institutions that define the
structure of society.
 SEXISM
Sexism in language exists when language
devalues members of a certain gender.
Sexist language, in many instances,
promotes male superiority. Sexism in
language affects consciousness, perceptions
of reality, encoding and transmitting
cultural meanings and socialization.
 Contextual Identity

Setting Participants
The number of people who take
The time and place in which a part in an interaction, and the
communicative act occurs relationships between them

Activity
The type of activity in which a
participant is engaged
 Channel Message Form
The medium chosen for The structural patterns
the communication that identify the
(e.g speaking, writing, communication, both
drumming) and the way small scale and large
it is used scale

Code Subject matter

The formal systems of
communication shared The content of the
by the participants communication, both
explicit and implicit
 Settings

British English French

The normal sequence for a call ● Telephone rings
to private residence is as ● Answer: “Allo”
follows: ● Caller verifies number
1. Telephone rings ● Answerer : “Out”
2. Answer gives number ● Caller identifies self,
3. Caller asks for intended apologizes, and ask for
addressee intended addresses
 Linguistics Accomodation

When two people with different social

backgrounds meet, there is a tendency for
their speech to alter, so that they become
more alike – a process known as
accommodation, or convergence
 ACTIVITY

Spoken Varities Visual Varities

● Information materials
● Conversation
● Ceremonial materials
● Courtesy Expressions
● Dialogue materials
● Proverbal Expressions
● Identifying materials
SEASPEAK, also English for maritime communications. The
English of merchant shipping, a RESTRICTED LANGUAGE
adopted in 1988 by the International Maritime Organization
(IMO) of the United Nations for use in ship-to-ship and ship-
to-shore communications as a necessary consequence of vastly
increased shipping during the 1960s-70s. The need for
regularization of practices in one language and the training of
officers in its use was agreed, and English, already the
language of civil aviation, was chosen by the IMO.
 Word Games
Tongue Twister is one of the few word games that
relate purely to the spoken medium, Words that
contain the same or similar sounds are juxtaposed,
and the exercise is to say them as rapidly as
possible, as in:
- The sixth sheikh’s sixth sheep’s sick.
- She sells sea shells by the seashore, and the shells
she sells by the seashore are sea shells for sure.
 Stylistic Identity
and
Literature
Stylistics, a branch of applied linguistics, is the study
and interpretation of texts of all types or spoken
language in regard to their linguistic and tonal style,
where style is the particular variety of language used by
different individuals and/or in different situations or
settings.
 Objectives
Authorical identity is
the sense a writer has
Forensic linguistics
of themselves as an
performs language
author and the textual
analysis on written
identity they construct
or recorded
in their writing.
documents to help
solve crimes.
Literature
Literature generally as any body of written
works that is written and produced in any
country, language or age for a specific
purpose such as information, education or
entertainment to the reader, which can be
fictional or non-fictional in nature
 Literary terms refer 25%
to the technique,
style, and formatting
used by writers and 67%
speakers to
masterfully
emphasize, embellish,
or strengthen their
compositions.
 Literature Genres
Prose Prose
Drama Poetry (Nonfict
(Fiction)
ion)

• Open form and • News

• Myths
• Made of dialog close form
and set • Reports
• Fables
direction • Relies on • Journals
imagery, • Novels
• Designed to be figurative • Articl
performed • Short Stories
language and
sounds • Essays
English Literature
Importance
of
Literature
• Literature improves your command of language

• It teaches you about the life, cultures and experiences of

people in other parts of the world.

• It gives you information about other parts of the world which

you may never be able to visit in your lifetime.

• It entertains you and provides useful occupation in your free

time. It gives information which may be useful in other
subjects, for example, in Geography, Science, History, Social
Studies, and so on.
(Shimmer Chinodya, 1992:36)