SAINT FRANCIS OF ASSISI

SAINT ANTHONY
COLLEGE SCHOOL
DISCIPLINE AND IDEAS IN
SOCIAL SCIENCE
THE DISCIPLINE
LINGUISTIC
OF

S
LESSON
OUTCOM
ES
01
Connect the discipline of linguistics
with its historical and social
foundations.

02 Articulate key concepts in linguistics

Determine how linguistics can be

03 used to address social concerns.
Illustrate situations and context in
04 which linguistics can be applied.
 ACCORDING
ROBERT
TO:

HALL
Humans communicate and
interact with each other by
means of habitually used-
oral auditory symbols.
 LINGUISTICS
• Allow societies to communicate
LINGUA
ideas across time and space. Latin word which refers to language.
• It encompasses not only the study of
sound, grammar and meaning, but
also the history of language families,
how languages are acquired by LINGUISTS
children and adults, and how language Individuals who study languages
use is processed in the mind and how
it is connected to race and gender.
 THREE PRINCIPAL
OF
COMPONENTS
LINGUISTICS
SOUND STRUCTUR MEANING
• Phonetics - human E - studies
• Morphology • Semantics - Studies the
speech sound language structure from its logic and meaning of words
• Phonology - Principles morphic unit/ root words. & phrases.
governing sound system • Syntax- sentence structure • Pragmatics - studies the use
of language - grammar of language and its effect
on society.
DEVELOPME
NT OF
LINGUISTICS
AS A
 Panini (India) Dionysius Thrax
 Grammar Used Morphology to produce
 Systematically categorized Sanskrit system of grammar.
sounds into consonants, vowel,
noun and verb.
Middle Ages Renaissance 19 Century
th

Speculative Grammar • Philology – study of the

• Grammar and how history of the words
 Popularized by • Philologist- they studies
Modistae words depict reality. how and why words
 How words signify transformed overtime and
examined which social
reality. phenomena drove
language to change
 IMPORTANT
PERSONALITI
ES IN
LINGUISTICS
 Panini (India) Sibawayh (Middle East) Plato (West)
 Grammar • Documented the Arabic • Work: Cratylus
 Systematically language by • Explored the meaning of
categorized Sanskrit distinguishing the words.
sounds into consonants, differences in sounds and
vowel, noun and verb. phonemes.
DURING MIDDLE
AGES
Linguistic studies focused on analyzing ancient religious text
that allowed for a deeper understanding and interpretation of
religious dogma.
 Structural Linguistics
• Language as a system of
contrast and equivalents, which
means that the meaning of a
word is understood only in its
Ferdinand de Saussure relation to words in system.
Father of Structural and • A static system of
interconnected units.
Modern Linguistics.
CONCEPT OF Instrumental in communication

SIGN The sound or written letters of an idea.

Signifier
Signified The idea addressed by the signifier.

Referent Actual object in the real world addressed by the sign.

Langue The system governing a particular convention of Language (Syntax

and phonology)

Parole Actual use of language by an individual.

 Language could be understood by looking
into a particular time period (Synchrony) or
through evolution of a language over time.
(Diachrony or Historical Linguistics).
THE PRAGUE
• The Prague Linguistic Circle
• SCHOOL
A Journal in Linguistics – Travaux de Cerde Linguistique de Prague
• Phonological Theory and Syntax
• They studied the relationship between words and discourse.

Theme On what the discourse is about.

Rheme What is said about the discourse?

Given On what the addressee knows about the discourse

New On what information was provided to the addressee

 Theorized the functions of language and its
ROMAN corresponding model.

JAKOBSON
Addresser Who communicates the message

Addressee Who receives the message

Context From which to base the message on.

Contact Physical or psychological link between the people in

communication.
The message is required to uphold in order to be understood such
Code as grammar.

Message Contains meaning and information

z

THE LONDON

SCHOOL

Harry Sweet •
Daniel Jones
Stressed that perceiving, transcribing
 Established applied linguistics
and reproducing minute distinction of
 His works focused on language and
speech sound must be emphasized in
phonetics.
studying language.
They established a more meticulous attention to phonetics
details and led “ear training” to become a major linguistic
field of study in Britain.
z

THE LONDON

SCHOOL

Edward Sapir & Benjamin Lee

 J.R. Firth
Linguistic as a recognized academic  Whorf
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis- Principle of
discipline in Britain. Linguistic Relativity
 Linguistics as an analysis of the  Sapir pioneered Linguistic Determinism –
meaning of the words. language influences the way people think
 He rejected the distinction of and shapes the way people perceive the
Langue and Parole. world.
z

 Universal Grammar – all languages have

underlying universal structure within them
that leads to being cognitively grasped.
 Brain is capable of acquiring language is
structured to be acquired

Noam Chomsky
Generative Grammar – a linguistic
 Generative Linguistics – seeks to explain
theory which states that human beings
how and why language is produced and
are capable of forming and
understood, how and why language is
distinguishing well-formed sentence
acquired and developed.
(grammatically correct) and rejecting
ill-formed sentence (grammatically
incorrect)
 FIELDS OF
LINGUISTI
HISTORICAL/
DIACHRONIC
CS
SYNCHRONIC DEVELOPMENT NEUROLINGUI
Studies how a
A language at a AL the
Analyzes STICS
Physiological
given time without development of mechanisms by which
particular language addressing its language acquisition,
changed over time. the brain processes
previous stage of retention, language loss information in relation
development. and bilingualism. to language.
 KEY
LINGUISTI
CONCEPTS IN

COHESION
Linguistic link
CS
COHERENCE
Logic with
CRITICAL DISCOURSE
ANALYSIS
DIALECT
such as pronoun/ Identifiable regional
discourse Study of a text within
adjective that or social variety of
its social context.
provide a language.
recognizable
structure.
 KEY
LINGUISTI
CONCEPTS IN

REGIONAL
DIALECT
A language
CS
SOCIAL
ADIALECT
language in a
DISCOURSE ETYMOLOGY
Produced either by a Study of the history
communicated small area can single speaker or writer
over an area can be or origin of a
even be spoken by two people engaged particular word.
spoken differently
in some form or differently by in a conversation and
another in different different social even in written
places. groups with a exchange.
community.
 KEY
LINGUISTI
CONCEPTS IN

FUNCTIONALIS
M
Is an approach to
CS
GRAMMAR
System of rules of
GRAPHEME LEXICON
A single character in Total words available
language structure constructing words recognizing writing
that primarily to a speaker or the
and sentences systems such as letters vocabulary of
focuses on the
purpose in which within a particular and punctuation marks. language.
language is used. language.
 RESEARCH
METHODSCONTENT
CORPUS LINGUISTICS
Studying a language based on real-
world text. • Creating meaningful and data-
driven conclusions by evaluating
1. Annotations – create schemes which he/she
categorizes spoken and written words
ANALYSIS
how frequent a context appeared
within a particular
2. Abstraction – translation of schematic terms discussion/narrative.
to theoretical frameworks. • Encoding data by categorizing key
• Schema -cognitive framework that helps words and identifying the
organize and interpret information. relationship among these words.
3. Analysis – statistics is used to manipulate,
probe and generalize from the existing set of
data.
 CURRENT
APPLICATIONS
COMPUTATIONAL
LEXICOGRAPHY
LINGUISTICS
 How language can be  Practice of collecting words
computationally modeled. and their meaning in a
 Develop and understand language systematic manner resembling
the structure of a dictionary.
acquisition, structure, language  Lexicographers also document
production and comprehension the pronunciation of words
with the aid of computers. and subtle meaning.
 THANK YOU FOR

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