Interaction on CD,

NCD, Zoonotic
Diseases and Mental
Health
Global Burden of Disease 2019
Top 5 risk factors for death in Top 5 risk factors for death in
females males
• High blood pressure • Tobacco & smoking
• Diet • High blood pressure
• High blood sugar • Diet
• Air pollution • Air pollution
• High BMI • High blood sugar
Top 10 causes of disease burden in 2019
• Neonatal disorders
• Ischemic heart disease
• Stroke
• Lower respiratory infections
• Diarrheal diseases
• COPD
• Road injuries
• Diabetes
• Low back pain
Communicable Disease
• AGE
• Pneumonia
• Enteric fever
• UTI
• Pulmonary Tuberculosis
• Measles
• COVID-19
NCD
• DM
• HTN
• Stroke
• IHD
• COPD
Diabetes Mellitus
• Diagnostic criteria:
• Symptoms of diabetes + RBS ≥200 mg/dl, OR
• Fasting sugar ≥126 mg/dl, OR
• Hemoglobin A1c ≥6.5 %, OR
• 2-hour OGTT ≥200 mg/dl
COPD
• When to suspect?
• Individual >40 years with history of persistence of following symptoms and
signs- chronic cough, dyspnea and/or wheezing, in those with previous
prolonged exposure to risk factors.
• How to diagnose?
• Spirometry (FEV1/FVC <0.7)
6 priorities zoonotic disease in Nepal
• Taeneosis/ Cysticercosis/ NCC
• Leptospirosis
• Hydatidosis
• Toxoplasmosis
• Brucellosis
• Avian Influenza
Mental Health
• Substance use disorder: ADS
• Mood disorder: Depression/ Mania/ Bipolar disorder
• Anxiety disorder
• Thought disorder: Schizophrenia, ATPD
• Chronic headache
Alcohol Dependence Syndrome
• Diagnosis (≥3):
• Craving
• Difficulty in controlling (onset, termination, level of use)
• Withdrawl
• Tolerance
• Neglect of alternative pleasure/ interest
• Persistence use despite harm
Depression
• Major criteria
• Persistent and pervasive low mood
• Anhedonia
• Decreased energy
• Minor criteria
• Decreased attention and concentration
• Decreased self confidence and self esteem
• Ideas of guilt and unworthiness
• Bleak and pessimistic views of the future
• Ideas or act of self harm or suicide
• Disturbed sleep
• Dimished appetite
Anxiety Disorder
• GAD
• Panic disorder
• Phobia
• OCD
• PTSD
THANK YOU !!!