Clausius-Mossotti relation – This relates the relative permittivity of to the polarizability of the atoms of
a material.

Let’s consider a dielectric medium of number density = no. of molecules / unit volume.
An external electric field is applied to the dielectric. Due to charge separation an internal field is generated.
Total Electric field , This total electric field induces a dipole in each particle.
Hence, .
The polarization vector is sum of all induced moments in unit volume ;

Total Electric displacement

Again, is related to polarization vector by

Therefore,
 

Avogadro's number

Mass density

Molecular weight

2
 
𝑛 −1
2
= 𝑘 𝜌𝑚
𝑛 +2