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Heat Transfer and Heat Exchangers
Heat Transfer and Heat Exchangers
Considerations:
• Temperature(s) required
• Freezing point
• Viscosity
• Specific heat
• Density
• Hazardous properties
Paul Ashall, 2008
Mechanisms for heat transfer
• Conduction
• Convection
• Radiation
Copper 400
Water 0.6
air 0.03
Q = k2πLΔT/ln(r2/r1)
L – length of tube/cylinder
r2 external radius
r1 internal radius
Q = hAΔT
or
Q = UAΔT
Q = UAθlmtd
Q = UAθlmtdF
T1
t1
t2
T2
q – heat flux
e – emissivity (0 to 1) – typically 0.9
σ – Stefan-Boltzmann const.(5.67 x 10-8 W m-2 K-4)
T1 – temp. of body (K)
T2 – temp. of surroundings