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    sree haritha p
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    Nuclear batteries generate electricity from radioactive decay and have several advantages over chemical batteries and fuel cells. They have a very long lifespan without needing replacement and produce reliable energy without requiring external inputs like sunlight. However, nuclear batteries also have some disadvantages, like high initial costs and needing safe disposal of radioactive materials once depleted. They find applications in situations requiring power for very long periods without maintenance, like in space missions, remote sensors, and military equipment.

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    NUCLEAR BATTERIES

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    Nuclear batteries generate electricity from radioactive decay and have several advantages over chemical batteries and fuel cells. They have a very long lifespan without needing replacement and produce reliable energy without requiring external inputs like sunlight. However, nuclear batteries also have some disadvantages, like high initial costs and needing safe disposal of radioactive materials once depleted. They find applications in situations requiring power for very long periods without maintenance, like in space missions, remote sensors, and military equipment.

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    47 views18 pages

    Nuclear Batteries

    Uploaded by

    sree haritha p
    Nuclear batteries generate electricity from radioactive decay and have several advantages over chemical batteries and fuel cells. They have a very long lifespan without needing replacement and produce reliable energy without requiring external inputs like sunlight. However, nuclear batteries also have some disadvantages, like high initial costs and needing safe disposal of radioactive materials once depleted. They find applications in situations requiring power for very long periods without maintenance, like in space missions, remote sensors, and military equipment.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 18

    NUCLEAR BATTERIES

    CONTENTS
    1. INTRODUCTION
    2. EVOLUTION
    3. WHY NUCLEAR BATTERY?
    4. CONVERSION TECHNIQUES
    5. FUEL CONSIREDATIONS
    6. APPLICATIONS
    7. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
    8. CONCLUSION
    INTRODUCTION

    • Nuclear battery - uses energy from the decay of the radioactive


    isotope.

    • They generate electricity from atomic energy.

    • Also known as Atomic Battery, Tritium Battery and Radioisotope


    Generator.
    EVOLUTION

    • Began in 1913 – Henry Moseley

    • Received considerable in-depth research attention during 1950s and


    1960s.

    • In 1954 RCA researched a small atomic battery for small radio


    receivers and hearing aids.
    WHY NUCLEAR BATTERY?

    • Chemical batteries - frequent replacements and are bulky.

    • Fuel and solar cells – expensive and requires sunlight.

    • Nuclear batteries are not hazardous


    CONVERSION TECHNIQUES

    • Thermal conversion : output is a function of a temperature


    differential.

    • Non-thermal conversion : output is not a function of temperature


    differential.
    THERMAL CONVERTERS

    1. Thermionic converter

    2. Radioisotope thermoelectric generator

    3. Thermophotovoltaic cells

    4. alkali-metal thermal to electric converter

    5. Stirling radioisotope generator 


    THERMIONIC CONVERTER RADIOISOTOPE THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR

    STRILING RADIOISOTOPE
    THERMOPHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS AMTEC GENERATOR 
    NON-THERMAL CONVERTERS

    1.Direct charging generators


    2.Beta-voltaic
    3. Alpha-voltaic
    4. Optoelectronic
    5.Reciprocating electromechanical atomic batteries
    DIRECT CHARGING GENERATORS BETAVOLTAIC CELL

    OPTOELECTRONIC RADIOISOTOPE PIEZOELECTRIC GENERATOR


    FUEL CONSIDERATIONS
    Major criteria considered in the selection:
    • Avoidance of gamma in the decay chain
    • Half life(should be more)
    • Less cost
    MAIN FUELS:
    Nickel-63 (Ni-63) Strontium-90 (Sr-90)
    Promitium-147 (Pm-147) Uranium-238 (U-238)
    Uranium-235 (U-235) Tantalum-180m
    ADVANTAGES

    • Life span
    • Reliable electricity
    • Amount of energy obtained is high
    • Less waste generation
    • Reduces green house
    DISADVANTAGES

    • Initial cost high


    • Disposal of radioactive materials
    • Energy conversion methods not much advanced
    • To gain social acceptance
    APPLICATIONS
    • Space applications
    • Medical applications
    • Mobile devices
    • Automobiles
    • Military applications
    • Under water sea probes & sea sensors
    CONCLUSION

    As the technology grows need for power also grows. Also we don’t
    have much abundant fuels present in the earth’s crust to meet this
    need. Thus the use of power as heat & electricity from the
    radioisotopes can be used to meet this need which has high longevity.
    REFERENCES

    1. "Nuclear and Radiochemistry", Gerhart Friedlander, Joseph W.


    Kennedy and Julian Malcolm Miller,

    2. Technologyreview.com

    3. Sciencedaily.com/nuke battery

    4. Powerpaper.com 
    THANK YOU

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