Numerical Analysis

PERS DIFFERENSIAL PARSIAL

(PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL
EQUATIONS)
 PEMBAHASAN
• Definisi PDE
• Second Order PDEs.
-Elliptic
-Parabolic
-Hyperbolic.
• Initial value problems (time dependent)
• Boundary value Problems (stationary)

2
 Differential Equations
• A differential equation is an equation for an
unknown function of one or several variables
that relates the values of the function itself
and of its derivatives of various orders.
• Ordinary Differential Equation:
Function has 1 independent variable.
• Partial Differential Equation:
At least 2 independent variables.

3
 Partial Differential Equations
• An equation involving partial derivatives of an
unknown function of two or more independent
variables
• The following are examples. Note: u depends on
both x and y

3
 u
2
 u
2
 u 
2
 3u
 2 xy 2  u  1  2   6 x
x 2
y  x  xy 2

 2u  2u  2u u
 x 2  8u  5 y  xu  x
xy y x 2
y
Partial Differential Equations
 2u  2u  2u
A 2 B C 2 D 0
x xy y

The following general form will be evaluated for

B2 - 4AC
B2-4AC Bentuk Pers Contoh

<0 Elliptic Laplace equation (steady state with

2 spatial dimensions
 2T  2T
 0
x 2 y 2

=0 Parabolic Heat conduction equation (time variable

with one spatial dimension
 2 T T
k 2 
x t
>0 Hyperbolic Wave equation (time-variable with one
spatial dimension
 2y 1  2y

x 2 c 2 t 2
 Finite Difference: Elliptic Equations
B2- 4AC < 0

• Typically used to characterize steady-state

boundary value problems
• Before solving, the Laplace equation will be
solved from a physical problem

 2u  2u  2u
A 2 B C 2 D0
x xy y
 2u  2u
 2 0
x 2
y
Ilustrasi Parabola, lingkaran, ellips dan hyperbola

8
The Laplace Equation

 2T  2T
 2 0
x y
2

Poisson Equation

 2u  2u
 2  f ( x, y )
x y
2
 Contoh Model Matematika
DG Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE)
dan
Prtial Diferential equations PDE)
Model Alran Air Tanah
PDE untuk Model tsb
Model Kantilever
Shear and Bending Momen
Persamaan Model Tersebut
Contoh lain
Numerical Method untuk PDE

 u2
 u 2
 0
x 2
y 2
Bagi kotak model mat dlm delta x dan delta y
 Pers Diferensial Parsial

 u ui 1, j  2ui , j  ui 1, j

2

x 2
x 2
 u ui , j 1  2ui , j  ui , j 1
2

y 2
y 2
 2u  2u
  0
x 2
y 2

ui 1, j  2ui , j  ui 1, j ui , j 1  2ui , j  ui , j 1

 0
x 2
y 2

Bila  x =  y
ui1, j  ui 1, j  ui , j 1  ui , j 1  4ui , j  0
Boundary Condition
 Boundary Conditions
• Dirichlet boundary conditions: u ditentukan pada boundary
– Temperatur
– Head ,tinggi muka air
• Neumann boundary condition: diferensial
h T
atau
xi xi
Dirichlet boundary
conditions.

u2

u1 u3

u4
 u2

u1 1,2
u3
1,1 2,1

u4
-4u1,1 +u1,2+u2,1+u1 +u4 = 0
 Neuman BC : dua
boundary dianggap grs
simetris shg Bc dapat
dihtung sbb::
h
0 1,2
x h i+1,j = h i-1,j
1,1 2,1
and

h
0
h i,j+1 = h i,j-1
y
 h1,1 = (2h1,2 + 2 h2,1)/4

h h1,2 = (h1,1 + h1,3+2h22)/4

0 1,2 2,2
x
1,1 2,1

h
0
y
 Contoh

 2T  2T
 0
x 2
y 2
 Dengan grid dan boundary Condition
Dirichlet atau Neuman Boundary Cond ?
Contoh untuk i=1 dan j=1
 Proses perhitungan
• Dengan cara yang sama untuk i=2 dan j=1
• Kemudian untuk i=1 dan j =2
• Untuk i= 2 dan j = 2
Masukkan dalam matriks
[A][T]=[C]
[T]=inverse[A][C]
Hitung Inverse matriks [A] dengan Excel
MATRIKS A
-4 1 1 0
1 -4 0 1
1 0 -4 1
0 1 1 -4

INVERSE MATRIKS A
-0.29167 -0.08333 -0.08333 -0.04167
-0.08333 -0.29167 -0.04167 -0.08333
-0.08333 -0.04167 -0.29167 -0.08333
-0.04167 -0.08333 -0.08333 -0.29167
 Hitung Matriks [T]
(Gunakan Excel)

MATRIKS C [T] = INVERSE MAT [A]*MAT [C]

-135 T(1,1) 56.7

-125 T(1,2) 53.3
-65 T(2,1) 38.3
-35 T(22) 31.7
Contoh lain
Aliran Air Tanah
x = y = 20 m

y
(0,100) h = 0.05x + 100 (200,100)

h
0
2h 2h h
0
 0 x
x x 2
y 2

x
(0,0) h (200,0)
0
y

Model diatas adalah separuh dari model dalam

gambar
Buat grid pada model di atas
Hitung head(h) pada setiap node yg ada dalam kotak