HEAT TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT BY USING HYBRID NANOFLUIDS Al2O3 & Fe3O4 IN HEAT EXCHANGERS

PRESENTED BY

Batch Number-B9

NAME H.T.NO
P.VENKATARAMAN BALAJI 17701A0375
D.SAMARASIMHA REDDY 17701A0352
A.YUVA SAINATH REDDY 17701A0382
Y.SRI HARI BHARGAV PRASAD REDDY 17701A0367
B.SIVA PRASAD RAJU 17701A0360
Under the Guidance of
C.RAMANJANEYULU, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

ANNAMACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES::RAJAMPETA
(AUTONOMOUS)
KADAPA,ANDHRAPRADESH-516216
ABSTRACT

Heat exchangers are key components in many of the devices seen in our everyday life. They are employed in
many applications such as land vehicles, power plants, marine gas turbines, oil refineries, air-conditioning, and
domestic water heating. Their operating mechanism depends on providing a flow of thermal energy between two or
more mediums of different temperatures. The heat transfer potential of Al 2O3-Fe3O4/Water-Mono Ethylene Glycol
Nano fluids is investigated experimentally as a coolant for car radiators. The base fluid was the mixture of water
and mono ethylene glycol . The Nano fluids used for present work are Al 2O3-Fe3O4. Al2O3 and Fe3O4 combined
with a 80:20 mixing ratio of distilled water and ethylene glycol acting as base fluids. The stable Nano fluids
obtained by ultra-sonication are used in experiments. In this study nanoparticle volume fraction, coolant flow rate,
inlet temperature used in the ranges of 0.2–0.8%, 4–9 litre per minute and 65–85 °C. The results show that the heat
transfer performance of radiator is enhanced by using Nano fluids compared to conventional coolant. Also the
estimation of reduction in frontal area of radiator if base fluid is replaced by Nano fluid is done which will make
lighter cooling system and save the fuel cost.
 NANO FLUIDS
What are nano fluids ?

Nanofluids are suspensions of nanoparticles in a base fluid , typically water. The term nanoparticle comes from the
Latin prefix ‘nano’. It denotes the 10-9 part of a unit.

Recent development of nanotechnology brings out a new heat transfer coolant called ‘nanofluids’. These fluids exhibit
larger thermal properties than conventional coolants.

Materials used for nanoparticles and base fluids:

Nanoparticle materials include:

Oxide ceramics –Al2o3, Cuo,Fe3o4 ,Tio2 ,Sio2,Zno,Mgo
Metal carbides –Sic
Nitrides –AlN ,SiN
Metals –Al, Cu, Ag, Au, Fe, Ti and others
Non-metals-Graphite , Diamond, carbon nanotubes Layered-Al + AL 2O3 , Cu +C

Base fluids include:

Water
Ethylene-or tri-ethylene-glycols and other coolants
Oil and other lubricants
Bio-fluids
 PREPARATION OF NANOFLUIDS

Nanoparticles used in this method are first produced as dry powders by chemical or physical methods. Then the nanosized
powder will be dispersed into a fluid in the second processing step with the help of intensive magnetic force agitation ,
Ultrasonication agitation , high-shear mixing, homogenizing and ball milling.

Figure shows One step method Figure shows two step method

Nanoparticles Density Molarmass Thermal conductivity Melting point Boiling point Composition
Aluminium oxide
(Al2O3)
Iron oxide (Fe3O4)
References Nanofluid Type of study Enhancement Key outcomes
used observed
click here Al2O3 and Experimental 24.21% for The use of Al2O3 nanoparticle provided the most
TiO2 in Al2O3-water enhancement in the Nusselt number. An enhancement of
water/EG 9.79% at 0.05% concentration and 24.21% at 0.3%
concentration at a mass flow rate of 1 L min−1
click here Cu–water Experimental 39.50% Nanofluids enhance the heat transfer coefficients by
19.187%, 23.425% and 26.465% for 0.3%, 0.6% and 1.0%
volumetric concentration, respectively, when compared to
water
click here TiO2, Experimental The convection heat transfer coefficient and overall heat
TiO2 doped and transfer coefficient for the 0.3% Ag-doped nanofluids with
with 0.1% theoretical concentrations of 1% and 2% increased when compared to
Ag, water/EG mixture under constant thermal power and
TiO2 doped constant flow rate conditions. An increase of 11.094% was
with 0.3% recorded using 0.3% Ag
Ag,
TiO2 doped
with 0.1% Cu
in EG/water
References Nanofluid used Type of Enhancement Key outcomes
study observed
click here Al2O3/MgO, Experimental 27.9% for A 27.9%, 25.24% and 33.18% increase in the heat transfer
Al2O3/TiO2 in Al2O3/TiO2 at rate was achieved using Al2TiO5 at 0.4 Vol%, 0.12% Mg–
EG/water 0.4v % Al2O4 and 0.4% Mg–Al2O4 when compared with water

click here Fly ash/EG– Experimental A 2% volume concentration of fly ash in 40:60 EG/water
water coolant can improve the overall performance of heavy
vehicle radiators

click me MWCNT–water Experimental 45% Functionalised MWCNT nanofluid exhibited an improved

greatly the rate of heat transfer compared to the DI water.
Due to its superior thermal conductivity (0.92 w/m 2 k at
80 C)

click here Water-based Numerical 74.18% enhancement in Nusselt number at 0.5 vol% for the
graphene case of Reynolds number of 2000. They concluded that this
nanoplatelets enhancement could improve the performance of the
automotive cooling system, leading to a reduction in
radiator size and reducing the fuel consumption in the
automotive engine
References Nanofluid Type of study Enhancement Key outcomes
used observed
click here CuO/EG–water Experimental 20% 20% enhancement is observed for ethylene glycol–water
and (40:60) mixture at 1 Vol% of CuO. As the heat transfer rate
theoretical increases with the use of nanofluids, the heat transfer area of
the radiator can be minimised
click here ZnO–PG, α- Experimental The volume concentration influences the transfer coefficients of
Al2O3–PG and the nanofluids. Smaller particles provided a better cooling
γ-Al2O3–PG performance, and the 0.1 Vol% γ-Al2O3–propylene glycol
nanofluid had a 19.9% increase in heat transfer coefficient
compared with that of α-Al2O3–propylene glycol. An increase in
flow rate resulted in a 10.5% increase in the heat transfer
coefficient of the 0.5 Vol% α-Al2O3–propylene glycol nanofluid
click here Cu, Al2O3, The maximum enhancement in the overall heat transfer
MWCNT–water Experimental 40% with coefficient was observed to be 40%, 29% and 25% for MWCNT,
MWCNT–wate copper and aluminium nanofluids, respectively